Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
Sample internal veins selected after thresholding out the lower 99.95% χ values. As can be seen in these sagittal, coronal, and axial views from a sample healthy term neonate, the major veins that were left over include the straight sinus, inferior sagittal sinus, and the internal cerebral vein. Note the weak contrast between gray and white matter and the basal ganglia due to the low myelin and iron content of the neonate brain.
- FIG 2.
Boxplot of CSvO2 percentages by group. Gray circles are the ROI measurements from each subject.
Tables
Characteristics Healthy Controls (n = 8) Term Neonates with HIE
(n = 8)P Value between Controls and Term HIE Preterm Neonates with HIE (n = 8) P Value between Term and Preterm HIE Gestational age (mean) (wk) 39.3 (SD, 0.6) 40.0 (SD, 0.8) .056 33.5 (SD, 2.1) <.001 Corrected gestational age at MRI (mean) (wk) 41.3 (SD, 1.1) 41.9 (SD, 0.7) .166 35.7 (SD, 2.6) <.001 Time interval between age at birth and age at MR imaging (mean) (wk) 2.0 (SD, 0.7) 1.9 (SD, 0.6) .819 2.2 (SD, 0.9) .404 Birth weight (mean) (g) 3306.3 (SD, 353.1) 3430.6 (SD, 471.4) .560 1926.3 (SD, 350.3) <.001 No. of male neonates (No.) (%) 4 (50) 5 (62.5) 1.000 4 (50) 1.000 Apgar grade (median) (IQR) 10 (10–10) 6.5 (4–7) <.001 6 (2–7) .543 Umbilical cord around the neck
(No.) (%)2 (25) 1 (12.5) 1.000 1 (12.5) 1.000 Oxygen inhalation (No.) (%) 0 4 (50) NA 7 (87.5) 1.000 Pulse oximetry (%) 95–100 90–95 <.001 90–95 .122 Meconium-stained amniotic fluid (No.) (%) 0 3 (37.5) NA 1 (12.5) .569 Premature rupture of fetal membranes (No.) (%) 0 3 (37.5) NA 5 (62.5) .619 Placental abruption (No.) (%) 0 0 NA 2 (25) NA Cord prolapse (No.) (%) 0 0 NA 1 (12.5) NA Fetal intrauterine distress (No.) (%) 0 7 (87.5) NA 2 (25) .119 Neonatal asphyxia resuscitation
(No.) (%)0 8 (100) NA 8 (100) NA Respiratory failure and ventilation (No.) (%) 0 2 (25) NA 5 (62.5) .315 Obtundation (No.) (%) 0 7 (87.5) NA 6 (75) 1.000 Stuporous (No.) (%) 0 1 (12.5) NA 2 (25) 1.000 Inhibited primitive reflexes (No.) (%) 0 7 (87.5) NA 6 (75) 1.000 Disappeared primitive reflexes
(No.) (%)0 1 (12.5) NA 2 (25) 1.000 Hypotonia (No.) (%) 0 2 (25) NA 4 (50) .608 Flaccid (No.) (%) 0 1 (12.5) NA 2 (25) 1.000 Seizures (No.) (%) 0 2 (25) NA 3 (37.5) 1.000 Therapeutic hypothermia (No.) (%) 0 2 (25) NA 1 (12.5) 1.000 Note:—IQR indicates interquartile range; NA, not applicable.
↵a P values were from the χ2 test or Fisher exact test for categoric variables or the Student t test for continuous variables.
Study CSvO2 (mean) (%) Method Subjects Region van der Hoeven
et al5773.56 (SD, 5.25) Fiber optic catheter Healthy neonates Buchvald et al58 64.12 (SD, 4.6) NIRS Healthy neonates Frontotemporal region Wintermark et al59 77.3 (SD, 4.7) NIRS Hypothermia therapy (moderate) in neonatal HIE Frontal lobe Wintermark et al59 77.6 (SD, 6.6) NIRS Hypothermia therapy (severe) in neonatal HIE Frontal lobe De Vis et al60 65.0 (SD, 13.0 T2-TRIR Healthy neonates SSS Shetty et al48 73.2 (SD, 5.5) TRUST Hypothermia therapy in neonatal HIE SSS Shetty et al48 68.5 (SD, 9.6) TRUST Post-hypothermia therapy in neonatal HIE SSS Liu et al49 62.6 (SD, 8.3) TRUST Healthy neonates SSS Yadav et al44 67 (SD, 7) QSM Healthy fetuses (∼31 wk) SSS Jain et al45 55.2 Susceptometry Neonates with congenital heart disease SSS Yadav et al46 62.6 (SD, 3.25) Susceptometry Healthy fetuses (∼31 wk) SSS Neelavalli et al47 66 (SD, 9.4) Susceptometry Healthy fetuses (∼34 wk) SSS Average 68.12 Note:—T2-TRIR indicates T2-prepared tissue relaxation inversion recovery; SSS, superior sagittal sinus; TRUST, T2-relaxation-under-spin tagging; QSM, quantitative susceptibility mapping; NIRS, near infrared resonance spectroscopy.
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