Endovascular Recanalization of Symptomatic Nonacute Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion: Proposal of a New Angiographic Classification

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Smith WS,
   2. Lev MH,
   3. English JD, et al

   . Significance of large vessel intracranial occlusion causing acute ischemic stroke and TIA. Stroke 2009;40:3834–40 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.561787 pmid:19834014

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
2. 2.↵
   1. Berkhemer OA,
   2. Majoie CB,
   3. Dippel DW

   , MR CLEAN Investigators. Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:2363 doi:10.1056/NEJMc1504715 pmid:26061844

   CrossRefPubMed
3. 3.↵
   1. Nogueira RG,
   2. Jadhav AP,
   3. Haussen DC, et al

   ; DAWN Trial Investigators. Thrombectomy 6 to 24 hours after stroke with a mismatch between deficit and infarct. N Engl J Med 2018;378:11–21 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1706442 pmid:29129157

   CrossRefPubMed
4. 4.↵
   1. Yamauchi H,
   2. Higashi T,
   3. Kagawa S, et al

   . Chronic hemodynamic compromise and cerebral ischemic events in asymptomatic or remote symptomatic large-artery intracranial occlusive disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013;34:1704–10 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A3491 pmid:23471022

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
5. 5.↵
   1. Kuroda S,
   2. Houkin K,
   3. Kamiyama H, et al

   . Long-term prognosis of medically treated patients with internal carotid or middle cerebral artery occlusion: can acetazolamide test predict it? Stroke 2001;32:2110–16 doi:10.1161/hs0901.095692 pmid:11546904

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
6. 6.↵
   1. Yamauchi H,
   2. Fukuyama H,
   3. Nagahama Y, et al

   . Evidence of misery perfusion and risk for recurrent stroke in major cerebral arterial occlusive diseases from PET. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996;61:18–25 doi:10.1136/jnnp.61.1.18 pmid:8676151

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
7. 7.↵
   EC/IC Bypass Study Group. Failure of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke: results of an international randomized trial. N Engl J Med 1985;313:1191–1200 doi:10.1056/NEJM198511073131904 pmid:2865674

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
8. 8.↵
   1. Powers WJ,
   2. Clarke WR,
   3. Grubb RL Jr., et al

   ; COSS Investigators. Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery for stroke prevention in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia: the Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study randomized trial. JAMA 2011;306:1983–92 doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1610 pmid:22068990

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
9. 9.↵
   1. Aghaebrahim A,
   2. Jovin T,
   3. Jadhav AP, et al

   . Endovascular recanalization of complete subacute to chronic atherosclerotic occlusions of intracranial arteries. J Neurointerv Surg 2014;6:645–48 doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010842 pmid:24249733

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
10. 10.↵
    1. Yao YD,
    2. Liu AF,
    3. Qiu HC, et al

    . Outcomes of late endovascular recanalization for symptomatic non-acute atherosclerotic intracranial large artery occlusion. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019;187:105567 doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105567 pmid:31704389

    CrossRefPubMed
11. 11.↵
    1. Gao P,
    2. Wang Y,
    3. Ma Y, et al

    . Endovascular recanalization for chronic symptomatic intracranial vertebral artery total occlusion: experience of a single center and review of literature. J Neuroradiol 2018;45:295–304 doi:10.1016/j.neurad.2017.12.023 pmid:29408529

    CrossRefPubMed
12. 12.↵
    1. Zheng M,
    2. Song Y,
    3. Zhang J, et al

    . Endovascular recanalization of non-acute symptomatic middle cerebral artery total occlusion and its short-term outcomes. Front Neurol 2019;10:484 doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00484 pmid:31156533

    CrossRefPubMed
13. 13.↵
    1. Dashti SR,
    2. Park MS,
    3. Stiefel MF, et al

    . Endovascular recanalization of the subacute to chronically occluded basilar artery: initial experience and technical considerations. Neurosurgery 2010;66:825–31; discussion 831–32 doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000367611.78898.A3 pmid:20190661

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
14. 14.↵
    1. Wang X,
    2. Wang Z,
    3. Ji Y, et al

    . Enterprise stent in recanalizing non-acute atherosclerotic intracranial internal carotid artery occlusion. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2017;162:47–52 doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2017.06.015 pmid:28926782

    CrossRefPubMed
15. 15.↵
    1. Bouthillier A,
    2. van Loveren HR,
    3. Keller JT

    . Segments of the internal carotid artery: a new classification. Neurosurgery 1996;38:425–42; discussion 432–33 doi:10.1097/00006123-199603000-00001 pmid:8837792

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
16. 16.↵
    1. Chimowitz MI,
    2. Lynn MJ,
    3. Derdeyn CP, et al

    ; SAMMPRIS Trial Investigators. Stenting versus aggressive medical therapy for intracranial arterial stenosis. N Engl J Med 2011;365:993–1003 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1105335 pmid:21899409

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
17. 17.↵
    1. Murphy BD,
    2. Fox AJ,
    3. Lee DH, et al

    . Identification of penumbra and infarct in acute ischemic stroke using computed tomography perfusion-derived blood flow and blood volume measurements. Stroke 2006;37:1771–77 doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000227243.96808.53 pmid:16763182

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
18. 18.↵
    1. Mori T,
    2. Fukuoka M,
    3. Kazita K, et al

    . Follow-up study after intracranial percutaneous transluminal cerebral balloon angioplasty. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000;6(Suppl 1):243–49 doi:10.1177/15910199000060S141 pmid:20667257

    CrossRefPubMed
19. 19.↵
    1. Alexander MJ,
    2. Zauner A,
    3. Chaloupka JC, et al

    ; WEAVE Trial Sites and Interventionalists. WEAVE trial: final results in 152 on-label patients. Stroke 2019;50:889–94 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.023996 pmid:31125298

    CrossRefPubMed
20. 20.↵
    1. Sun X,
    2. Tong X,
    3. Lo WT, et al

    . Risk factors of subacute thrombosis after intracranial stenting for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. Stroke 2017;48:784–86 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.015538 pmid:28130545

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
21. 21.↵
    1. Levy EI,
    2. Turk AS,
    3. Albuquerque FC, et al

    . Wingspan in-stent restenosis and thrombosis: incidence, clinical presentation, and management. Neurosurgery 2007;61:644–50; discussion 650–51 doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000290914.24976.83 pmid:17881980

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
22. 22.↵
    1. Ko JK,
    2. Choi CH,
    3. Cha SH, et al

    . Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting for severe stenosis of the intracranial extradural internal carotid artery causing transient ischemic attack or minor stroke. Interv Neuroradiol 2015;21:511–19 doi:10.1177/1591019915582379 pmid:26063697

    CrossRefPubMed
23. 23.↵
    1. Komiyama M,
    2. Yoshimura M,
    3. Honnda Y, et al

    . Percutaneous angioplasty of a chronic total occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid artery: case report. Surg Neurol 2006;66:513–18; discussion 518 doi:10.1016/j.surneu.2006.02.037 pmid:17084200

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
24. 24.↵
    1. Lee CW,
    2. Lin YH,
    3. Liu HM, et al

    . Predicting procedure successful rate and 1-year patency after endovascular recanalization for chronic carotid artery occlusion by CT angiography. Int J Cardiol 2016;221:772–76 doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.127 pmid:27428320

    CrossRefPubMed
25. 25.↵
    1. He Y,
    2. Wang Z,
    3. Li T, et al

    . Preliminary findings of recanalization and stenting for symptomatic vertebrobasilar artery occlusion lasting more than 24h: a retrospective analysis of 21 cases. Eur J Radiol 2013;82:1481–86 doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.04.021 pmid:23706495

    CrossRefPubMed
26. 26.↵
    1. Stone GW,
    2. Reifart NJ,
    3. Moussa I, et al

    . Percutaneous recanalization of chronically occluded coronary arteries: a consensus document: Part II. Circulation 2005;112:2530–37 doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.583716 pmid:16230504

    FREE Full Text
27. 27.↵
    1. Ouriel K,
    2. Shortell CK,
    3. Illig KA, et al

    . Intracerebral hemorrhage after carotid endarterectomy: incidence, contribution to neurologic morbidity, and predictive factors. J Vasc Surg 1999;29:82–87; discussion 87–89 doi:10.1016/S0741-5214(99)70362-9 pmid:9882792

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
28. 28.↵
    1. Abou-Chebl A,
    2. Yadav JS,
    3. Reginelli JP, et al

    . Intracranial hemorrhage and hyperperfusion syndrome following carotid artery stenting: risk factors, prevention, and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:1596–1601 doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.12.039 pmid:15120817

    FREE Full Text