Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Assessment of sulcal depth and cortical grading. Sulcal depth: The bold white interhemispheric line is used as reference for all the measurements and the thin white line shows the measurement of the sulcus of interest, including the insula and Sylvian fissure (dotted line) in the axial transthalamic plane (A), parieto-occipital sulcus in the axial transventricular plane (B), cingulate sulcus in the coronal transthalamic view (C), and the calcarine sulcus in the coronal transcerebellar plane (D). Cortical grading: Curved lines indicate the areas, and arrows point out the sulci of interest. In the transthalamic plane frontal and temporal area (E), the Sylvian fissure and superior temporal sulcus were evaluated. In the transventricular plane (F), the parieto-occipital sulcus and frontal area were assessed, and in the plane superior to it (G), the central sulcus and frontal and parietal areas were assessed. The mesial area and cingulate sulcus were evaluated in the coronal transthalamic plane (H), and the calcarine sulcus was assessed in the coronal transcerebellar plane (I). Scheme: grading scale for Sylvian fissure (J), cortical areas (K) and sulci (L) by Pistorius et al.20
- Fig 2.
Steps of fetal brain MR imaging reconstruction and tissue segmentation. Columns A and B, The raw stacks, including the image obtained as a reference (Column A, axial, and Column B, coronal) and the orthogonal views (note the low quality of these images). Column C, The 3 orthogonal planes of the final reconstruction. Column D, The segmentation into cortical gray matter (green), white matter (blue), lateral ventricles (yellow), CSF outside the ventricles (red), cerebellum (turquoise), and brain stem (purple).
- Fig 3.
Brain tissue volumes in study groups. Cerebral tissue volumes including both hemispheres in INSVM (circles) and control (rhombuses) cohorts. A, Supratentorial volumes. B, Volumes of the lateral ventricles. C, Cortical gray matter volumes. D, White matter volumes. Volume measures are in cubic millimeters.
Tables
Controls (n = 29) INSVM (n = 32) P Maternal age (yr) 33.7 ± 4.2 32.4 ± 5.5 .32 Birth weight (g) 3414 ± 517 3406 ± 553 .96 Gestational age at birth (wk) 39.8 ± 0.9 39.8 ± 1.2 .81 Gestational age at MRI (wk) 27.7 ± 0.9 27.7 ± 0.9 .91 Lateral ventricular widtha 4.6 ± 1.4 10.6 ± 1.1 <.01b Fetus sex .02d Male 58.6% (17) 87.5% (28) Female 41.4% (12) 12.5% (4) Laterality of ventriculomegaly Bilateral – 34.4% (11) Unilateral left – 34.4% (11) Unilateral right – 31.2% (10) Evolution of lateral ventricular widthc Regressive – 25% (8) Stable – 75% (24) Progressive – 0% (0) Classification according to atrial width Mild (10.0–11.9 mm) – 84.3% (27) Moderate (12.0–13.9 mm) – 16.7% (5) Note:— – indicates that these characteristics do not apply for the control group.
↵a Comparison of clinical characteristics between the control and case cohort. Results are expressed as means or percentage and number of subjects as appropriate.
↵b Measurement of the more dilated lateral ventricle by ultrasound at diagnosis.
↵c Evolution of lateral ventricular width until term of pregnancy.
↵d Significant (≤.05).
Variable Controls (n = 29) INSVM (n = 32) P Left hemisphere depths Insula 29.4 ± 1.5 29.7 ± 1.8 .03b Sylvian fissure 16.7 ± 1.6 17.2 ± 2.4 .15 Parieto-occipital sulcus 10.2 ± 2.3 8.1 ± 2.6 <.01b Cingulate sulcus 3.8 ± 1.3 4.3 ± 2.5 .29 Calcarine sulcus 12.5 ± 2.7 10.9 ± 2.1 <.01b Right hemisphere depths Insula 29.6 ± 1.4 29.7 ± 1.7 .04b Sylvian fissure 16.8 ± 1.9 16.0 ± 1.6 .01b Parieto-occipital sulcus 11.1 ± 2.4 9.0 ± 2.8 <.01b Cingulate sulcus 3.6 ± 1.1 4.0 ± 1.5 .33 Calcarine sulcus 13.5 ± 2.2 11.8 ± 4.8 <.02b Sum of grading scores Left hemisphere 21.1 ± 5.3 18.2 ± 5.1 .01b Right hemisphere 21.8 ± 5.1 19.6 ± 5.3 .03b Total cortex 42.9 ± 10.2 37.8 ± 9.9 .01b
