Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Measurement landmarks. Axial scans (A) were measured from bony lateral nasal wall to bony lateral nasal wall at the level of the pyriform aperture (PA), the choana, and at points 50% and 75% posteriorly between these two landmarks. An additional measurement on axial scan was obtained between the medial pterygoid plates. On coronal views, measurements were obtained from bony lateral nasal wall to bony lateral nasal wall at the pyriform aperture (not shown), just posterior to the lacrimal duct (B), and at the last molar (C).
- Fig 2.
Mean nasal measurements. Measurements are given in millimeters. Asterisks indicate statistical significance (P < .001).
- Fig 3.
Trends seen in the nasal cavity of pyriform aperture stenosis (A), syndromic craniosynostosis (B), and bilateral choanal atresia (C). Note the more global narrowing in patients with PAS and SC versus a more posterior narrowing in patients with BCA. Although the pyriform aperture in patients with BCA appears narrower than that in controls (Fig 1A) visually, this difference is not statistically significant.
- Fig 4.
3D reconstructions of maxillofacial CT scans highlighting the pyriform aperture, in particular in patients with PAS (A), Apert syndrome (B), and PRS (C).
Tables
Inter- and intrarater reliability
Intrarater Reliability Interrater Reliability ICC SE 95% CI ICC SE 95% CI Coronal PA 0.97 0.01 0.96 0.99 0.97 0.01 0.95 0.99 LD 0.94 0.02 0.89 0.98 0.94 0.02 0.90 0.98 LM 0.88 0.04 0.79 0.96 0.95 0.02 0.92 0.98 Axial PA 0.97 0.01 0.95 0.99 0.96 0.01 0.94 0.99 50% 0.90 0.04 0.83 0.97 0.93 0.03 0.88 0.99 75% 0.87 0.05 0.78 0.96 0.93 0.03 0.86 0.99 CA 0.76 0.08 0.60 0.91 0.77 0.09 0.59 0.96 Pty 0.86 0.05 0.76 0.95 0.45 0.21 0.04 0.86 Note:—SE indicates standard error; CA, choana; Pty, pterygoid plate; PA, pyriform aperture.
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