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Figures
- Fig 1.
DCE-MR imaging data acquisition methods. Mirror ROIs were placed for sampling the abnormal regions described on FDG-PET: hippocampus, orbitofrontal, anterior putamen/caudate, posterior putamen/globus pallidus/thalamus, and prefrontal regions. Ant Put indicates anterior putamen; Post Put, posterior putamen; GP, globus pallidus.
- Fig 2.
Linear regression analyses of the correlation of the BBBP factors (Ktrans and Ve) with CBF using all brain regions for patients with SLE. Patients with SLE have a statistically significant moderate positive correlation between Ktrans and Ve with CBF separately. Higher variance seen in patients with SLE compared with controls may be attributed to disease- and/or treatment-related variability. Healthy controls demonstrate strong consistency in the quantitative data for both Ktrans and Ve (not shown).
- Fig 3.
Dynamic contrast-enhancement curves for patients with SLE (blue) and healthy controls (red) according to the brain regions sampled. Signal intensity is represented on the y-axis, and the cine phase is represented on the x-axis. The hippocampus is the only brain region that demonstrates statistically significant increased BBB permeability (P = .02) in the patients with SLE compared with the healthy controls. GP indicates globus pallidus.
Tables
SLE (n = 6) Healthy Controls (n = 5) P Value Age (mean) (yr) 38.0 ± 13.2 34.2 ± 10.5 .619 Race .292 Caucasian 2 (33%) 0 Hispanic 0 2 (40%) African American 3 (50%) 2 (40%) Asian 1 (17%) 1 (20%) Smoking 1 1 .361 High serum DNRAb titer 3 (50%) 1 (20%) .545 ANAM testinga Matching grids 25.8 ± 9.2 40.4 ± 10.8 .042 Match to sample 16.4 ± 5.9 35.7 ± 15.1 .043 Continuous processing 65.6 ± 5.5 88.7 ± 14.0 .018 Beck Depression Inventory 4 ± 4.3 1.8 ± 3.0 .362 State Trait Anxiety Inventory 27.4 ± 5.9 25 ± 6.9 .573 SLEDAI (mean) 2.3 ± 1.5 SLICC DI (mean) 0.5 ± 0.8 Disease duration (mean) (range, 1–33) (yr) 13.3 ± 11.1 Medications Prednisone 1 (17%) (5 mg QD) Immunosuppressionb 2 (33%) Hydroxychloroquine 5 (83%) - Table 2:
Comparison of the mean values (SDs) for the BBBP parameters (Ktrans and Ve) using all brain regions in patients with SLE and healthy controls
BBBP Parameters Patients with SLE Healthy Controls P Value Ktrans (mL/100 g/min) 0.0345 (±0.0715) 0.0008 (±0.0034) .0004 Ve (100 g/min) 0.0920 (±0.1817) 0.0006 (±0.0031) .0002 - Table 3:
Comparison of the mean values (SD) for the BBBP parameters (Ktrans and Ve) and CBF in the hippocampal region in patients with SLE and healthy controls
BBBP Parameters Patients with SLE Healthy Controls P Value Ktrans (mL/100 g/min) 0.1100 (±0.1331) 0.019 (±0.0499) .0405 Ve (100 g/min) 0.2000 (±0.3018) 0.0080 (±0.0162) .0397 CBF (mL/100 g/min) 28.84 (±18.82) 13.14 (±5.89) .0128
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