Disorder in Pixel-Level Edge Directions on T1WI Is Associated with the Degree of Radiation Necrosis in Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors: Preliminary Findings

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Fig 1.
Box-and-whisker plots showing the distributions of T1WI signal intensities and skewness of COLLAGE entropy values for pure and different grades of CRN for primary and metastatic cases, respectively. A and B, The signal intensities in primary and metastatic cases, respectively. C and D, The COLLAGE skewness values for the same cases. C, The green star and circle represent the cases from site 2 with 75% CRN and 30% CRN, respectively. D, The green star represents the case from site 2 with 50% CRN. P values for the pairs of groups exhibiting statistically significant difference are also shown.
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Fig 2.
Gd-C T1WI for CRN from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (A), predominant (>80%) CRN (B), predominant recurrent tumor (<20% CRN) (C), and glioblastoma (0% CRN) (D), and the corresponding COLLAGE entropy maps of the ROIs (E–H).

Patient cohorts with corresponding diagnosis as identified by an expert neuropathologist on postsurgical specimens

Site No., Initial Diagnosis	Category	Percentage CRN/Tumor as Identified by Expert	No. of Cases
Site 1
Primary tumors	Predominant tumor	<20% CRN, >80% tumor	12
Primary tumors	Predominant CRN	>80% CRN, <20% tumor	10
Metastatic tumors	Predominant tumor	<20% CRN, >80% tumor	12
Metastatic tumors	Predominant CRN	>80% CRN, <20% tumor	8
Site 2
Primary tumors	Predominant tumor	<20% CRN, >80% tumor	4
	Predominant CRN	>80% CRN, <20% tumor	1
	Mixed	30% CRN, >70% tumor	2
Metastatic tumors	Predominant tumor	<20% CRN, >80% tumor	1
	Predominant CRN	>80% CRN, <20% tumor	1
	Mixed	50% CRN, 50% tumor	1 (50%)
Site 3
NPC	Pure	100% CRN	13
TCIA
Glioblastoma	Pure	100% Tumor	10