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AJNR Awards, New Junior Editors, and more. Read the latest AJNR updates

Research ArticleAdult Brain
Open Access

3T MRI Whole-Brain Microscopy Discrimination of Subcortical Anatomy, Part 1: Brain Stem

M.J. Hoch, M.T. Bruno, A. Faustin, N. Cruz, L. Crandall, T. Wisniewski, O. Devinsky and T.M. Shepherd
American Journal of Neuroradiology March 2019, 40 (3) 401-407; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5956
M.J. Hoch
aFrom the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (M.J.H.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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M.T. Bruno
bDepartments of Radiology (M.T.B., N.C., T.M.S.)
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A. Faustin
cPathology (A.F.)
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N. Cruz
bDepartments of Radiology (M.T.B., N.C., T.M.S.)
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L. Crandall
dNeurology (L.C., T.W., O.D.)
fSUDC Registry and Research Collaborative (L.C., O.D.), New York, New York
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T. Wisniewski
dNeurology (L.C., T.W., O.D.)
ePsychiatry (T.W.), New York University, New York, New York
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O. Devinsky
dNeurology (L.C., T.W., O.D.)
fSUDC Registry and Research Collaborative (L.C., O.D.), New York, New York
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T.M. Shepherd
bDepartments of Radiology (M.T.B., N.C., T.M.S.)
gCenter for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (T.M.S.), New York, New York.
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Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The brain stem is compactly organized with life-sustaining sensorimotor and autonomic structures that can be affected by numerous pathologies but can be difficult to resolve on conventional MR imaging.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We applied an optimized TSE T2 sequence to washed postmortem brain samples to reveal exquisite and reproducible brain stem anatomic MR imaging contrast comparable with histologic atlases. This resource-efficient approach can be performed across multiple whole-brain samples with relatively short acquisition times (2 hours per imaging plane) using clinical 3T MR imaging systems.

RESULTS: We identified most brain stem structures at 7 canonical axial levels. Multiplanar or oblique planes illustrate the 3D course and spatial relationships of major brain stem white matter pathways. Measurements of the relative position, course, and cross-sectional area of these pathways across multiple samples allow estimation of pathway location in other samples or clinical subjects. Possible structure-function asymmetries in these pathways will require further study—that is, the cross-sectional area of the left corticospinal tract in the midpons appeared 20% larger (n = 13 brains, P < .10).

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with traditional atlases, multiplanar MR imaging contrast has advantages for learning and retaining brain stem anatomy for clinicians and trainees. Direct TSE MR imaging sequence discrimination of brain stem anatomy can help validate other MR imaging contrasts, such as diffusion tractography, or serve as a structural template for extracting quantitative MR imaging data in future postmortem investigations.

ABBREVIATIONS:

ACPC
anterior/posterior commissure
CST
corticospinal tract
CTT
central tegmental tract
ML
medial lemniscus
MLF
medial longitudinal fasciculus
SUDC
sudden unexplained death of childhood
  • © 2019 by American Journal of Neuroradiology

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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 40 (3)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 40, Issue 3
1 Mar 2019
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Cite this article
M.J. Hoch, M.T. Bruno, A. Faustin, N. Cruz, L. Crandall, T. Wisniewski, O. Devinsky, T.M. Shepherd
3T MRI Whole-Brain Microscopy Discrimination of Subcortical Anatomy, Part 1: Brain Stem
American Journal of Neuroradiology Mar 2019, 40 (3) 401-407; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A5956

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3T MRI Whole-Brain Microscopy Discrimination of Subcortical Anatomy, Part 1: Brain Stem
M.J. Hoch, M.T. Bruno, A. Faustin, N. Cruz, L. Crandall, T. Wisniewski, O. Devinsky, T.M. Shepherd
American Journal of Neuroradiology Mar 2019, 40 (3) 401-407; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A5956
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