Is There a Need for Contrast and Local Anesthetic in Cervical Epidural Steroid Injections?

References

1. 1.↵
   2. Lagemann GM,
   3. Yannes MP,
   4. Ghodadra A, et al

   . CT-fluoroscopic cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections: extraforaminal needle tip position decreases risk of intravascular injection. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016;37:766–72 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4603 pmid:26611993

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
2. 2.↵
   2. MacMahon PJ,
   3. Eustace SJ,
   4. Kavanagh EC

   . Injectable corticosteroid and local anesthetic preparations: a review for radiologists. Radiology 2009;252:647–61 doi:10.1148/radiol.2523081929 pmid:19717750

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
3. 3.↵
   2. Ryan TM,
   3. Kavanagh EC,
   4. MacMahon PJ

   . Is there a need for contrast administration prior to CT-guided cervical nerve root block? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013;34:E45 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A3544 pmid:23493897

   FREE Full Text
4. 4.↵
   2. Scanlon GC,
   3. Moeller-Bertram T,
   4. Romanowsky SM, et al

   . Cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections: more dangerous than we think? Spine 2007;32:1249–56 doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e318053ec50 pmid:17495784

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. 5.↵
   2. Okubadejo GO,
   3. Talcott MR,
   4. Schmidt RE, et al

   . Perils of intravascular methylprednisolone injection into the vertebral artery: an animal study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008;90:1932–38 doi:10.2106/JBJS.G.01182 pmid:18762654

   Abstract/FREE Full Text