Gray Matter Growth Is Accompanied by Increasing Blood Flow and Decreasing Apparent Diffusion Coefficient during Childhood

References

1. 1.↵
   2. Holland D,
   3. Chang L,
   4. Ernst TM, et al

   . Structural growth trajectories and rates of change in the first 3 months of infant brain development. JAMA Neurol 2014;71:1266–74 doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1638 pmid:25111045

   CrossRefPubMed
2. 2.↵
   2. Gilmore JH,
   3. Lin W,
   4. Prastawa MW, et al

   . Regional gray matter growth, sexual dimorphism, and cerebral asymmetry in the neonatal brain. J Neurosci 2007;27:1255–60 doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3339-06.2007 pmid:17287499

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
3. 3.↵
   2. Knickmeyer RC,
   3. Gouttard S,
   4. Kang C, et al

   . A structural MRI study of human brain development from birth to 2 years. J Neurosci 2008;28:12176–82 doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3479-08.2008 pmid:19020011

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
4. 4.↵
   2. Huttenlocher PR,
   3. Dabholkar AS

   . Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 1997;387:167–78 pmid:9336221

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. 5.↵
   1. Nelson CA,
   2. Luciana M

   2. Sampaio CS,
   3. Truwit CL

   . Myelination in the developing brain. In: Nelson CA, Luciana M, eds. Handbook of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press; 2001:35–44
6. 6.↵
   2. Dubois J,
   3. Dehaene-Lambertz G,
   4. Kulikova S, et al

   . The early development of brain white matter: a review of imaging studies in fetuses, newborns and infants. Neuroscience 2014;276:48–71 doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.044 pmid:24378955

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
7. 7.↵
   2. Loh KB,
   3. Ramli N,
   4. Tan LK, et al

   . Quantification of diffusion tensor imaging in normal white matter maturation of early childhood using an automated processing pipeline. Eur Radiol 2012;22:1413–26 doi:10.1007/s00330-012-2396-3 pmid:22434420

   CrossRefPubMed
8. 8.↵
   2. Uda S,
   3. Matsui M,
   4. Tanaka C, et al

   . Normal development of human brain white matter from infancy to early adulthood: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Dev Neurosci 2015;37:182–94 doi:10.1159/000373885 pmid:25791575

   CrossRefPubMed
9. 9.↵
   2. Alcauter S,
   3. Lin W,
   4. Smith JK, et al

   . Development of thalamocortical connectivity during infancy and its cognitive correlations. J Neurosci 2014;34:9067–75 doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0796-14.2014 pmid:24990927

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
10. 10.↵
    2. Löbel U,
    3. Sedlacik J,
    4. Reddick WE, et al

    . Quantitative diffusion-weighted and dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging analysis of T2 hypointense lesion components in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011;32:315–22 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2277 pmid:21087935

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
11. 11.↵
    2. Dyke JP,
    3. Voss HU,
    4. Sondhi D, et al

    . Assessing disease severity in late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis using quantitative MR diffusion-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:1232–36 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A0551 pmid:17698521

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
12. 12.↵
    2. Löbel U,
    3. Sedlacik J,
    4. Güllmar D, et al

    . Diffusion tensor imaging: the normal evolution of ADC, RA, FA, and eigenvalues studied in multiple anatomical regions of the brain. Neuroradiology 2009;51:253–63 doi:10.1007/s00234-008-0488-1 pmid:19132355

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
13. 13.↵
    2. Engelbrecht V,
    3. Scherer A,
    4. Rassek M, et al

    . Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the brain in children: findings in the normal brain and in the brain with white matter diseases. Radiology 2002;222:410–18 doi:10.1148/radiol.2222010492 pmid:11818607

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
14. 14.↵
    2. Rollins NK,
    3. Glasier P,
    4. Seo Y, et al

    . Age-related variations in white matter anisotropy in school-age children. Pediatr Radiol 2010;40:1918–30 doi:10.1007/s00247-010-1744-1 pmid:20577731

    CrossRefPubMed
15. 15.↵
    2. Chen J,
    3. Licht DJ,
    4. Smith SE, et al

    . Arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI in pediatric arterial ischemic stroke: initial experiences. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009;29:282–90 doi:10.1002/jmri.21641 pmid:19161176

    CrossRefPubMed
16. 16.↵
    2. Yeom KW,
    3. Lober RM,
    4. Alexander A, et al

    . Hydrocephalus decreases arterial spin-labeled cerebral perfusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014;35:1433–39 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A3891 pmid:24651817

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
17. 17.↵
    2. Yeom KW,
    3. Lober RM,
    4. Barnes PD, et al

    . Reduced cerebral arterial spin-labeled perfusion in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013;34:1823–28 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A3649 pmid:23764727

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
18. 18.↵
    2. Yeom KW,
    3. Mitchell LA,
    4. Lober RM, et al

    . Arterial spin-labeled perfusion of pediatric brain tumors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014;35:395–401 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A3670 pmid:23907239

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
19. 19.↵
    2. Wang J,
    3. Licht DJ,
    4. Jahng GH, et al

    . Pediatric perfusion imaging using pulsed arterial spin labeling. J Magn Reson Imaging 2003;18:404–13 doi:10.1002/jmri.10372 pmid:14508776

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. 20.↵
    2. Biagi L,
    3. Abbruzzese A,
    4. Bianchi MC, et al

    . Age dependence of cerebral perfusion assessed by magnetic resonance continuous arterial spin labeling. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007;25:696–702 doi:10.1002/jmri.20839 pmid:17279531

    CrossRefPubMed
21. 21.↵
    2. Miranda MJ,
    3. Olofsson K,
    4. Sidaros K

    . Noninvasive measurements of regional cerebral perfusion in preterm and term neonates by magnetic resonance arterial spin labeling. Pediatr Res 2006;60:359–63 doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000232785.00965.b3 pmid:16857776

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
22. 22.↵
    2. Duncan AF,
    3. Caprihan A,
    4. Montague EQ, et al

    . Regional cerebral blood flow in children from 3 to 5 months of age. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014;35:593–98 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A3728 pmid:24091444

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
23. 23.↵
    2. Dai W,
    3. Garcia D,
    4. de Bazelaire C, et al

    . Continuous flow-driven inversion for arterial spin labeling using pulsed radio frequency and gradient fields. Magn Reson Med 2008;60:1488–97 doi:10.1002/mrm.21790 pmid:19025913

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
24. 24.↵
    2. Buxton RB,
    3. Frank LR,
    4. Wong EC, et al

    . A general kinetic model for quantitative perfusion imaging with arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med 1998;40:383–96 doi:10.1002/mrm.1910400308 pmid:9727941

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
25. 25.↵
    2. Wells WM 3rd.,
    3. Viola P,
    4. Atsumi H, et al

    . Multi-modal volume registration by maximization of mutual information. Med Image Anal 1996;1:35–51 doi:10.1016/S1361-8415(01)80004-9 pmid:9873920

    CrossRefPubMed
26. 26.↵
    2. Stejskal EO,
    3. Tanner JE

    . Spin diffusion measurements: spin echoes in the presence of a time-dependent field gradient. J Chem Phys 1965;42:288–92 doi:10.1063/1.1695690

    CrossRefWeb of Science
27. 27.↵
    2. Mazziotta JC,
    3. Toga AW,
    4. Evans A, et al

    . A probabilistic atlas of the human brain: theory and rationale for its development—the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM). Neuroimage 1995;2:89–101 doi:10.1006/nimg.1995.1012 pmid:9343592

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
28. 28.↵
    2. Forkert ND,
    3. Cheng B,
    4. Kemmling A, et al

    . ANTONIA perfusion and stroke: a software tool for the multi-purpose analysis of MR perfusion-weighted datasets and quantitative ischemic stroke assessment. Methods Inf Med 2014;53:469–81 doi:10.3414/ME14-01-0007 pmid:25301390

    CrossRefPubMed
29. 29.↵
    2. Sakov A,
    3. Golani I,
    4. Lipkind D, et al

    . High-throughput data analysis in behavior genetics. Ann Appl Stat 2010;4:743–63 doi:10.1214/09-AOAS304

    CrossRef
30. 30.↵
    2. Giedd JN,
    3. Blumenthal J,
    4. Jeffries NO, et al

    . Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study. Nat Neurosci 1999;2:861–63 doi:10.1038/13158 pmid:10491603

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
31. 31.↵
    2. Matsuzawa J,
    3. Matsui M,
    4. Konishi T, et al

    . Age-related volumetric changes of brain gray and white matter in healthy infants and children. Cereb Cortex 2001;11:335–42 doi:10.1093/cercor/11.4.335 pmid:11278196

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
32. 32.↵
    2. Choe MS,
    3. Ortiz-Mantilla S,
    4. Makris N, et al

    . Regional infant brain development: an MRI-based morphometric analysis in 3 to 13 month olds. Cereb Cortex 2013;23:2100–17 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs197 pmid:22772652

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
33. 33.↵
    2. Dobbing J,
    3. Sands J

    . Quantitative growth and development of human brain. Arch Dis Child 1973;48:757–67 doi:10.1136/adc.48.10.757 pmid:4796010

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
34. 34.↵
    2. Barkovich AJ,
    3. Kjos BO,
    4. Jackson DE J., et al

    . Normal maturation of the neonatal and infant brain: MR imaging at 1.5 T. Radiology 1988;166:173–80 doi:10.1148/radiology.166.1.3336675 pmid:3336675

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
35. 35.↵
    2. Autti T,
    3. Raininko R,
    4. Vanhanen SL, et al

    . MRI of the normal brain from early childhood to middle age, II: age dependence of signal intensity changes on T2-weighted images. Neuroradiology 1994;36:649–51 doi:10.1007/BF00600432 pmid:7862288

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
36. 36.↵
    2. Thomas LO,
    3. Boyko OB,
    4. Anthony DC, et al

    . MR detection of brain iron. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1993;14:1043–48 pmid:8237678

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
37. 37.↵
    2. Mukherjee P,
    3. Miller JH,
    4. Shimony JS, et al

    . Normal brain maturation during childhood: developmental trends characterized with diffusion-tensor MR imaging. Radiology 2001;221:349–58 doi:10.1148/radiol.2212001702 pmid:11687675

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
38. 38.↵
    2. Pal D,
    3. Trivedi R,
    4. Saksena S, et al

    . Quantification of age- and gender-related changes in diffusion tensor imaging indices in deep grey matter of the normal human brain. J Clin Neurosci 2011;18:193–96 doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2010.05.033 pmid:21183352

    CrossRefPubMed
39. 39.↵
    2. Raichle ME

    . Behind the scenes of functional brain imaging: a historical and physiological perspective. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998;95:765–72 doi:10.1073/pnas.95.3.765 pmid:9448239

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
40. 40.↵
    2. Jueptner M,
    3. Weiller C

    . Review: does measurement of regional cerebral blood flow reflect synaptic activity? Implications for PET and fMRI. Neuroimage 1995;2:148–56 doi:10.1006/nimg.1995.1017 pmid:9343597

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
41. 41.↵
    2. Sokoloff L

    . Localization of functional activity in the central nervous system by measurement of glucose utilization with radioactive deoxyglucose. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1981;1:7–36 doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1981.4 pmid:7035471

    FREE Full Text
42. 42.↵
    2. Chugani HT,
    3. Phelps ME,
    4. Mazziotta JC

    . Positron emission tomography study of human brain functional development. Ann Neurol 1987;22:487–97 doi:10.1002/ana.410220408 pmid:3501693

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
43. 43.↵
    2. Petersen ET,
    3. Mouridsen K,
    4. Golay X

    . The QUASAR reproducibility study, part II: results from a multi-center arterial spin labeling test-retest study. Neuroimage 2010;49:104–13 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.07.068 pmid:19660557

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
44. 44.↵
    2. Bokkers RP,
    3. van der Worp HB,
    4. Mali WP, et al

    . Noninvasive MR imaging of cerebral perfusion in patients with a carotid artery stenosis. Neurology 2009;73:869–75 doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181b7840c pmid:19752454

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
45. 45.↵
    2. Chen Y,
    3. Wang DJ,
    4. Detre JA

    . Test-retest reliability of arterial spin labeling with common labeling strategies. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011;33:940–49 doi:10.1002/jmri.22345 pmid:21448961

    CrossRefPubMed
46. 46.↵
    2. Alsop DC,
    3. Detre JA,
    4. Golay X, et al

    . Recommended implementation of arterial spin-labeled perfusion MRI for clinical applications: a consensus of the ISMRM perfusion study group and the European consortium for ASL in dementia. Magn Reson Med 2015;73:102–16 doi:10.1002/mrm.25197 pmid:24715426

    CrossRefPubMed
47. 47.↵
    2. Song XX,
    3. Yu BW

    . Anesthetic effects of propofol in the healthy human brain: functional imaging evidence. J Anesth 2015;29:279–88 doi:10.1007/s00540-014-1889-4 pmid:25056258

    CrossRefPubMed
48. 48.↵
    2. Venkatraghavan L,
    3. Poublanc J,
    4. Bharadwaj S, et al

    . Noninvasive measurement of cerebral blood flow under anesthesia using arterial spin labeling MRI: a pilot study. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2015 Sep 20. [Epub ahead of print] pmid:26397237
49. 49.↵
    2. Chiron C,
    3. Raynaud C,
    4. Mazière B, et al

    . Changes in regional cerebral blood flow during brain maturation in children and adolescents. J Nucl Med 1992;33:696–703 pmid:1569478

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
50. 50.↵
    2. Lenroot RK,
    3. Gogtay N,
    4. Greenstein DK, et al

    . Sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories during childhood and adolescence. Neuroimage 2007;36:1065–73 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.053 pmid:17513132

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
51. 51.↵
    2. Epstein HT

    . EEG developmental stages. Dev Psychobiol 1980;13:629–31 doi:10.1002/dev.420130608 pmid:7429022

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
52. 52.↵
    2. Hudspeth WJ,
    3. Pribram KH

    . Stages of brain and cognitive maturation. J Educ Psychol 1990;82:881–84 doi:10.1037/0022-0663.82.4.881

    CrossRefWeb of Science
53. 53.↵
    2. Epstein HT

    . Stages of increased cerebral blood flow accompany stages of rapid brain growth. Brain Dev 1999;21:535–39 doi:10.1016/S0387-7604(99)00066-2 pmid:10598054

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
54. 54.↵
    2. Rowan RA,
    3. Maxwell DS

    . Patterns of vascular sprouting in the postnatal development of the cerebral cortex of the rat. Am J Anat 1981;160:247–55 doi:10.1002/aja.1001600303 pmid:6164286

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
55. 55.↵
    2. Fonov V,
    3. Evans AC,
    4. Botteron K, et al

    ; Brain Development Cooperative Group. Unbiased average age-appropriate atlases for pediatric studies. Neuroimage 2011;54:313–27 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.033 pmid:20656036

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science