Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
A 3-day-old male neonate with respiratory depression. A–C, MR images at the level of the centrum semiovale demonstrate mildly bright signal of the perirolandic cortex (black arrows) on GRE-T1WI (A) and SE-T1WI (B). The perirolandic cortex appears darker on SE-T2WI (C) relative to the remainder of the frontal and parietal cortices in most, but not all, infants in this study. The CST (asterisk) are also quite bright on both T1WI sequences and are mildly dark on SE-T2WI. D–F, On images at a lower level through the basal ganglia, the PLIC (arrows) and the habenular commissure (split arrows) appear visibly myelinated (ie, bright) on GRE-T1WI (D), SE-T1WI (E), and on SE-T2WI (F), though the PLIC appears much smaller on SE-T2WI. Both the habenular commissure and the PLIC appear myelinated on GRE-T1WI in all term neonates in this study.
- Fig 2.
A 3-day-old male neonate with respiratory depression. MR images demonstrate clearly visible bright signal on GRE-T1WI (A and B) and clearly visible dark signal on SE-T2WI (C and D), indicative of normal early myelination within the BIC (wide arrows) and the DSCP (curved arrows). The optic tracts (thin arrows) are visibly myelinated on GRE-T1WI but are questionably myelinated on SE-T2WI. The BIC and the DSCP were both clearly myelinated in at least ≥88% of patients on both GRE-T1WI and SE-T2WI, while the SCP was myelinated in ≥88% of patients on GRE-T1WI only. Note the apparently myelinated lateral geniculate nuclei (arrowheads).
- Fig 3.
A 6-day-old male neonate with respiratory depression. Axial MR images illustrate bright myelination of the medial lemnisci (long arrows), lateral lemnisci (dotted arrows), cranial nerve V fascicle (dashed arrows), and SCP (beveled arrows) on GRE-T1WI (A and B), which were not clearly visible on SE-T1WI (not shown), but all appeared dark (myelinated) on SE-T2WI (C and D). The medial lemnisci were visibly myelinated in ≥94% of neonates on both GRE-T1WI and SE-T2WI. In most patients, the lateral lemnisci and cranial nerve V fascicle were best visualized as being myelinated on GRE-T1WI.
- Fig 4.
A 4-day-old female neonate with respiratory depression and possible seizures. The pyramidal decussation (circle tipped arrows) is visibly myelinated (bright) on GRE-T1WI (A and B) but was rated as “questionably myelinated” (ie, scored ± by both reviewers on SE-T2WI (C and D). In contrast, the spinal tract of V (open arrowheads) was considered to be “definitely myelinated” (ie, scored +) by both reviewers on SE-T2WI, while it was considered to be only “questionably myelinated” on GRE-T1WI. The ICP (double arrows) appeared clearly myelinated on both sequences. On SE-T1WI (not shown), myelination was not visible (ie, scored as −) by either reviewer in the aforementioned structures in this patient. The ICP was the 1 structure that was clearly myelinated in all neonates on SE-T2WI and was better visualized as being “definitely myelinated” (ie, scored +) on SE-T2WI compared with both GRE-T1WI and SE-T1WI.
Tables
Percentages and numbers of term infants with myelination
Structure GRE-T1WI SE-T1WI SE-T2WI Observer 1 Observer 2 Observer 1 Observer 2 Observer 1 Observer 2 BIC 100%,a 16/16 94%,a 15/16 75%, 12/16 50%, 8/16 100%,a 16/16 88%,a 14/16 CCS 0%, 0/16 0%, 0/16 0%, 0/16 0%, 0/16 6%, 1/16 38%, 6/16 CNV 94%,a 15/16 56%, 9/16 50%, 8/16 6%, 1/16 44%, 7/16 13%, 2/16 CST-BS 25%, 4/16 0%, 0/16 0%, 0/16 0%, 0/16 0%, 0/16 0%, 0/16 CST-CS 75%, 12/16 63%, 10/16 75%, 12/16 31%, 5/16 6%, 1/16 6%, 1/16 DSCP 100%,a 16/16 100%,a 16/16 81%, 13/16 31%, 5/16 100%,a 16/16 94%,a 15/16 HC 100%,a 16/16 100%,a 16/16 100%,a 16/16 94%,a 15/16 69%, 11/16 63%, 10/16 ICP 88%,a 14/16 31%, 5/16 56%, 9/16 0%, 0/16 100%,a 16/16 100%,a 16/16 LGN 38%, 6/16 25%, 4/16 6%, 1/16 0%, 0/16 50%, 8/16 56%, 9/16 LL 94%,a 15/16 69%, 11/16 38%, 6/16 56%, 9/16 75%, 12/16 44%, 7/16 ML 100%,a 16/16 94%,a 15/16 88%,a 14/16 25%, 4/16 100%,a 16/16 100%,a 16/16 MLF 25%, 4/16 0%, 0/16 0%, 0/16 0%, 0/16 19%, 3/16 31%, 5/16 ON 44%, 7/16 44%, 7/16 0%, 0/16 0%, 0/16 19%, 3/16 44%, 7/16 OT 88%,a 14/16 81%, 13/16 69%, 11/16 56%, 9/16 56%, 9/16 56%, 9/16 PD 94%,a 15/16 88%,a 14/16 31%, 5/16 6%, 1/16 88%,a 14/16 38%, 6/16 PLIC 100%,a 16/16 100%,a 16/16 100%,a 16/16 44%, 7/16 88%,a 14/16 88%,a 14/16 PRC 56%, 9/16 19%, 3/16 31%, 5/16 6%, 1/16 88%,a 14/16 63%, 10/16 SCP 100%,a 16/16 100%,a 16/16 75%, 12/16 44%, 7/16 88%,a 14/16 75%, 12/16 STV 56%, 9/16 25%, 4/16 44%, 7/16 25%, 4/16 81%, 13/16 69%, 11/16 Note:—CCS indicates callosal splenium; CNV, cranial nerve V fascicle; CST-BS, CST in the brain stem; CST-CS, CST in the centrum semiovale; HC, habenular commissure; LGN, lateral geniculate nucleus; LL, lateral lemniscus; ML, medial lemniscus; MLF, medial longitudinal fasciculus; ON, optic nerve; OT, optic tract; PD, pyramidal decussation; PRC, perirolandic cortex; STV, spinal tract of V.
↵a Structures with ≥88% of patients with myelination.
