Skip to main content
Advertisement
  • Main menu
  • User menu
  • Search
  • English ▼
    • English
    • Afrikaans
    • Albanian
    • Amharic
    • Arabic
    • Armenian
    • Azerbaijani
    • Basque
    • Belarusian
    • Bengali
    • Bosnian
    • Bulgarian
    • Catalan
    • Cebuano
    • Chichewa
    • Chinese (Simplified)
    • Chinese (Traditional)
    • Corsican
    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Danish
    • Dutch
    • Esperanto
    • Estonian
    • Filipino
    • Finnish
    • French
    • Frisian
    • Galician
    • Georgian
    • German
    • Greek
    • Gujarati
    • Haitian Creole
    • Hausa
    • Hawaiian
    • Hebrew
    • Hindi
    • Hmong
    • Hungarian
    • Icelandic
    • Igbo
    • Indonesian
    • Irish
    • Italian
    • Japanese
    • Javanese
    • Kannada
    • Kazakh
    • Khmer
    • Korean
    • Kurdish (Kurmanji)
    • Kyrgyz
    • Lao
    • Latin
    • Latvian
    • Lithuanian
    • Luxembourgish
    • Macedonian
    • Malagasy
    • Malay
    • Malayalam
    • Maltese
    • Maori
    • Marathi
    • Mongolian
    • Myanmar (Burmese)
    • Nepali
    • Norwegian
    • Pashto
    • Persian
    • Polish
    • Portuguese
    • Punjabi
    • Romanian
    • Russian
    • Samoan
    • Scottish Gaelic
    • Serbian
    • Sesotho
    • Shona
    • Sindhi
    • Sinhala
    • Slovak
    • Slovenian
    • Somali
    • Spanish
    • Sudanese
    • Swahili
    • Swedish
    • Tajik
    • Tamil
    • Telugu
    • Thai
    • Turkish
    • Ukrainian
    • Urdu
    • Uzbek
    • Vietnamese
    • Welsh
    • Xhosa
    • Yiddish
    • Yoruba
    • Zulu

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • Article Preview
    • Past Issue Archive
    • Video Articles
    • AJNR Case Collection
    • Case of the Week Archive
    • Case of the Month Archive
    • Classic Case Archive
  • Special Collections
    • AJNR Awards
    • Low-Field MRI
    • Alzheimer Disease
    • ASNR Foundation Special Collection
    • Photon-Counting CT
    • View All
  • Multimedia
    • AJNR Podcasts
    • AJNR SCANtastic
    • Trainee Corner
    • MRI Safety Corner
    • Imaging Protocols
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Submit a Video Article
    • Submit an eLetter to the Editor/Response
    • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
    • Statistical Tips
    • Fast Publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
    • Graphical Abstract Preparation
    • Imaging Protocol Submission
    • Author Policies
  • About Us
    • About AJNR
    • Editorial Board
    • Editorial Board Alumni
  • More
    • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Permissions
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Advertisers
    • ASNR Home

User menu

  • Alerts
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
American Journal of Neuroradiology
American Journal of Neuroradiology

American Journal of Neuroradiology

ASHNR American Society of Functional Neuroradiology ASHNR American Society of Pediatric Neuroradiology ASSR
  • Alerts
  • Log in

Advanced Search

English ▼
  • English
  • Afrikaans
  • Albanian
  • Amharic
  • Arabic
  • Armenian
  • Azerbaijani
  • Basque
  • Belarusian
  • Bengali
  • Bosnian
  • Bulgarian
  • Catalan
  • Cebuano
  • Chichewa
  • Chinese (Simplified)
  • Chinese (Traditional)
  • Corsican
  • Croatian
  • Czech
  • Danish
  • Dutch
  • Esperanto
  • Estonian
  • Filipino
  • Finnish
  • French
  • Frisian
  • Galician
  • Georgian
  • German
  • Greek
  • Gujarati
  • Haitian Creole
  • Hausa
  • Hawaiian
  • Hebrew
  • Hindi
  • Hmong
  • Hungarian
  • Icelandic
  • Igbo
  • Indonesian
  • Irish
  • Italian
  • Japanese
  • Javanese
  • Kannada
  • Kazakh
  • Khmer
  • Korean
  • Kurdish (Kurmanji)
  • Kyrgyz
  • Lao
  • Latin
  • Latvian
  • Lithuanian
  • Luxembourgish
  • Macedonian
  • Malagasy
  • Malay
  • Malayalam
  • Maltese
  • Maori
  • Marathi
  • Mongolian
  • Myanmar (Burmese)
  • Nepali
  • Norwegian
  • Pashto
  • Persian
  • Polish
  • Portuguese
  • Punjabi
  • Romanian
  • Russian
  • Samoan
  • Scottish Gaelic
  • Serbian
  • Sesotho
  • Shona
  • Sindhi
  • Sinhala
  • Slovak
  • Slovenian
  • Somali
  • Spanish
  • Sudanese
  • Swahili
  • Swedish
  • Tajik
  • Tamil
  • Telugu
  • Thai
  • Turkish
  • Ukrainian
  • Urdu
  • Uzbek
  • Vietnamese
  • Welsh
  • Xhosa
  • Yiddish
  • Yoruba
  • Zulu
  • Home
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • Article Preview
    • Past Issue Archive
    • Video Articles
    • AJNR Case Collection
    • Case of the Week Archive
    • Case of the Month Archive
    • Classic Case Archive
  • Special Collections
    • AJNR Awards
    • Low-Field MRI
    • Alzheimer Disease
    • ASNR Foundation Special Collection
    • Photon-Counting CT
    • View All
  • Multimedia
    • AJNR Podcasts
    • AJNR SCANtastic
    • Trainee Corner
    • MRI Safety Corner
    • Imaging Protocols
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Submit a Video Article
    • Submit an eLetter to the Editor/Response
    • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
    • Statistical Tips
    • Fast Publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
    • Graphical Abstract Preparation
    • Imaging Protocol Submission
    • Author Policies
  • About Us
    • About AJNR
    • Editorial Board
    • Editorial Board Alumni
  • More
    • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Permissions
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Advertisers
    • ASNR Home
  • Follow AJNR on Twitter
  • Visit AJNR on Facebook
  • Follow AJNR on Instagram
  • Join AJNR on LinkedIn
  • RSS Feeds

AJNR Awards, New Junior Editors, and more. Read the latest AJNR updates

Research ArticleBrain
Open Access

Effects of Gadolinium Contrast Agent Administration on Automatic Brain Tissue Classification of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

J.B.M. Warntjes, A. Tisell, A.-M. Landtblom and P. Lundberg
American Journal of Neuroradiology July 2014, 35 (7) 1330-1336; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3890
J.B.M. Warntjes
aFrom the Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, (J.B.M.W., A.T., P.L.)
bClinical Physiology (J.B.M.W.)
dDepartments of Clinical Physiology (J.B.M.W.)
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
A. Tisell
aFrom the Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, (J.B.M.W., A.T., P.L.)
gRadiation Physics (A.T.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
A.-M. Landtblom
eClinical Neuroscience (A.-M.L.)
hNeurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.-M.L.), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
P. Lundberg
aFrom the Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, (J.B.M.W., A.T., P.L.)
cRadiation Physics (P.L.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
fRadiation Physics (P.L.), UHL, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • Responses
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Tables
  • Fig 1.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Fig 1.

    Typical images of the automatic segmentation software of a patient with MS (39-year-old woman, EDSS = 4.0). Three slices are shown, numbers 19, 16, and 13 of the 30 acquired slices. A, T2-weighted image. B, White matter segmentation, in which the intensity of the light-blue color overlay corresponds to the calculated white matter partial volume per voxel. The red line indicates the intracranial volume. Similar images are shown for gray matter in green (C), CSF in pink (D), and non-WM/GM/CSF in yellow (E).

  • Fig 2.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Fig 2.

    Brain-tissue fraction results of the first measurement: the brain parenchymal fraction, white matter fraction, gray matter fraction, CSF fraction, and the non-WM/GM/CSF fraction of the intracranial volume, as a function of subject age. Markers are zero for the control group and plus for the MS group. The colors are similar to the segmentation overlay colors of Fig 1.

  • Fig 3.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Fig 3.

    Bland-Altman plots for WM fraction, GM fraction, CSF fraction, remaining, unclassified non-WM/GM/CSF tissue fraction, and brain parenchymal fraction of all subjects with the mean tissue fraction against the difference in tissue fraction between measurements 1 and 2. The dotted lines indicate the mean difference ± 2 SDs, on the left for the controls and on the right for the MS group. The scaling on both axes is identical; the colors are identical to those in Fig 2.

Tables

  • Figures
    • View popup
    Table 1:

    Fully automatic measurements of the WMV, GMV, CSFV, NV, BPV, and ICV volumes of the control group and the MS groupa

    WMV (mL)GMV (mL)CSFV (mL)NV (mL)BPV (mL)ICV (mL)
    Contr1581 ± 67639 ± 58156 ± 4528 ± 71247 ± 1191404 ± 119
    Contr2581 ± 69637 ± 53156 ± 4731 ± 121250 ± 1191406 ± 120
    MS1452 ± 88617 ± 48247 ± 6052 ± 221122 ± 991369 ± 99
    MS2464 ± 109600 ± 47231 ± 6060 ± 211124 ± 981355 ± 97
    Diff Contr1-Contr20 ± 11−1 ± 130 ± 44 ± 122 ± 62 ± 7
    Diff MS1-MS212 ± 37−17 ± 40−16 ± 7c8 ± 11b2 ± 9−13 ± 8c
    Diff Contr1-MS1−129 ± 104c−22 ± 6891 ± 71c24 ± 18c−126 ± 133c−35 ± 117
    Diff Contr2-MS2−117 ± 113c−37 ± 67b75 ± 70c29 ± 17c−126 ± 136c−50 ± 116
    • Note:—Diff indicates difference; Contr, control group; MS, MS patient group; 1, measurement 1; 2, measurement 2.

    • ↵a For each tissue volume, the mean value and SD are given. The mean difference and SD of the first measurement and the second measurement and between controls and patients with MS are also provided. The MS group received Gd in the second measurement.

    • ↵b P < .05 (significant difference).

    • ↵c P < .005 (significant difference).

    • View popup
    Table 2:

    Fully automatic measurements of the normalized WMF, GMF, CSFF, NF, and BPF of the control group and the MS groupa

    WMF (%)GMF (%)CSFF (%)NF (%)BPF (%)
    Contr141.4 ± 2.645.5 ± 1.911.2 ± 3.12.0 ± 0.588.8 ± 3.1
    Contr241.3 ± 2.445.4 ± 1.811.1 ± 3.12.2 ± 0.988.9 ± 3.1
    MS132.9 ± 5.445.2 ± 3.018.0 ± 4.13.8 ± 1.782.0 ± 4.1
    MS234.0 ± 6.844.5 ± 4.617.1 ± 4.24.4 ± 1.682.9 ± 4.2
    Diff Contr1-Contr2−0.1 ± 0.9−0.1 ± 0.80.0 ± 0.30.2 ± 0.80.0 ± 0.3
    Diff MS1-MS21.1 ± 2.9−0.7 ± 3.2−1.0 ± 0.5c0.6 ± 0.8b1.0 ± 0.5c
    Diff Contr1-MS1−8.4 ± 6.1c−0.4 ± 3.46.9 ± 5.1c1.9 ± 1.5c−6.9 ± 5.1c
    Diff Contr2-MS2−7.3 ± 6.9c−0.9 ± 4.36.0 ± 5.1c2.2 ± 1.4c−6.0 ± 5.1c
    • Note:—Diff indicates difference; Contr, control group; MS, MS patient group; 1, measurement 1; 2, measurement 2; WMF, WM fraction; GMF, GM fraction; CSFF, CSF fraction; NF, remaining, unclassified non-WM/GM/CSF tissue fraction; BPF, brain parenchymal fraction.

    • ↵a Each tissue fraction corresponds to the tissue volume divided by the ICV. The mean value and SD are given as well as the mean difference and SD of the first measurement and the second measurement and between the controls and patients with MS.

    • ↵b P < .05 (significant difference).

    • ↵c P < .005 (significant difference).

    • View popup
    Table 3:

    Linear regression of the normalized WMF, GMF, CSFF, NF, and BPF of the control and the MS groups as a function of agea

    WMFGMFCSFFNFBPF
    Contr1-age (%/yr)−0.12 (−0.21 to −0.03)b−0.03 (−0.11–0.05)0.17 (0.07–0.27)c−0.01 (−0.03–0.01)−0.17 (−0.27 to −0.07)c
    Contr2-age (%/yr)−0.10 (−0.19 to −0.01)b−0.05 (−0.12–0.03)0.17 (0.07–0.27)c−0.02 (−0.05–0.02)−0.17 (−0.2 to −0.07)c
    MS1-age (%/yr)−0.02 (−0.26–0.22)−0.03 (−0.16–0.10)0.05 (−0.13–0.23)0.00 (−0.08–0.07)−0.05 (−0.23, −0.13)
    MS2-age (%/yr)−0.01 (−0.31–0.30)−0.05 (−0.25–0.15)0.04 (−0.14–0.23)0.02 (−0.06–0.09)−0.04 (−0.23–0.14)
    MS1-EDSS (%/unit)−1.16 (−2.28 to −0.05)b−0.17 (−0.87–0.54)0.93 (−0.19–2.04)0.23 (−0.14–0.62)−1.08 (−1.90 to −0.26)b
    MS2-EDSS (%/unit)−1.34 (−2.81–0.13)0.09 (−1.01–1.19)0.93 (−0.19–2.06)0.19 (−0.20–0.58)−1.06 (−1.92 to −0.20)b
    • Note:—Contr indicates control group; MS, MS patient group; 1, measurement 1; 2, measurement 2; WMF, WM fraction; GMF, GM fraction; CSFF, CSF fraction; NF, remaining, unclassified non-WM/GM/CSF tissue fraction; BPF, brain parenchymal fraction.

    • ↵a The 95% confidence interval is given between parentheses. For the MS group, the linear regression of the age-corrected fractions with EDSS is provided.

    • ↵b P < .05 (significant difference).

    • ↵c P < .005 (significant difference).

PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

American Journal of Neuroradiology: 35 (7)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 35, Issue 7
1 Jul 2014
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author
  • Complete Issue (PDF)
Advertisement
Print
Download PDF
Email Article
Cite this article
0 Responses
Respond to this article
Share
Bookmark this article
Effects of Gadolinium Contrast Agent Administration on Automatic Brain Tissue Classification of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
J.B.M. Warntjes, A. Tisell, A.-M. Landtblom, P. Lundberg
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jul 2014, 35 (7) 1330-1336; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A3890
del.icio.us logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
Purchase

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • ABBREVIATIONS:
    • Materials and Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Conclusions
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • Responses
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Effect of Gadolinium on the Estimation of Myelin and Brain Tissue Volumes Based on Quantitative Synthetic MRI
  • Clinical Feasibility of Synthetic MRI in Multiple Sclerosis: A Diagnostic and Volumetric Validation Study
  • Quantitative MRI for Analysis of Active Multiple Sclerosis Lesions without Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent
  • Crossref
  • Google Scholar

This article has not yet been cited by articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.

More in this TOC Section

  • White Matter Alterations in the Brains of Patients with Active, Remitted, and Cured Cushing Syndrome: A DTI Study
  • Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of MR Imaging Findings in Patients with Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke Implanted with Mesenchymal Stem Cells
  • Fast Contrast-Enhanced 4D MRA and 4D Flow MRI Using Constrained Reconstruction (HYPRFlow): Potential Applications for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
Show more Brain

Similar Articles

Advertisement

Indexed Content

  • Current Issue
  • Accepted Manuscripts
  • Article Preview
  • Past Issues
  • Editorials
  • Editor's Choice
  • Fellows' Journal Club
  • Letters to the Editor
  • Video Articles

Cases

  • Case Collection
  • Archive - Case of the Week
  • Archive - Case of the Month
  • Archive - Classic Case

More from AJNR

  • Trainee Corner
  • Imaging Protocols
  • MRI Safety Corner
  • Book Reviews

Multimedia

  • AJNR Podcasts
  • AJNR Scantastics

Resources

  • Turnaround Time
  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Submit a Video Article
  • Submit an eLetter to the Editor/Response
  • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
  • Statistical Tips
  • Fast Publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
  • Graphical Abstract Preparation
  • Imaging Protocol Submission
  • Evidence-Based Medicine Level Guide
  • Publishing Checklists
  • Author Policies
  • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
  • News and Updates

About Us

  • About AJNR
  • Editorial Board
  • Editorial Board Alumni
  • Alerts
  • Permissions
  • Not an AJNR Subscriber? Join Now
  • Advertise with Us
  • Librarian Resources
  • Feedback
  • Terms and Conditions
  • AJNR Editorial Board Alumni

American Society of Neuroradiology

  • Not an ASNR Member? Join Now

© 2025 by the American Society of Neuroradiology All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.
Print ISSN: 0195-6108 Online ISSN: 1936-959X

Powered by HighWire
Email this Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Journal of Neuroradiology.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Effects of Gadolinium Contrast Agent Administration on Automatic Brain Tissue Classification of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
(Your Name) has sent you a message from American Journal of Neuroradiology
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Journal of Neuroradiology web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Cite this article
J.B.M. Warntjes, A. Tisell, A.-M. Landtblom, P. Lundberg
Effects of Gadolinium Contrast Agent Administration on Automatic Brain Tissue Classification of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jul 2014, 35 (7) 1330-1336; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A3890

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero

We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience. By clicking any link on this page you are giving your consent for us to set cookies.