Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Streamline tractography of the arcuate fasciculus. Tractography of the left (left column; A,C,E,G) and right (right column; B,D,F,H) arcuate fasciculi in a 10-year-old male participant from each group (typically developing, A–B; ASD−LI, C–D; ASD+LI, E–F; SLI, G–H).
- Fig 2.
MD of the left arcuate fasciculus. ANOVA with factors of ASD (±) and LI (±), and covarying age and Perceptual Reasoning Index, revealed significant main effects of ASD (P = .03) and LI (P = .04).
- Fig 3.
AD of the left arcuate fasciculus. ANOVA with factors of ASD (±) and LI (±), and covarying age and Perceptual Reasoning Index, revealed a main effect of ASD (P < .001). There was also a significant ASD by LI interaction (P = .05), revealing the greatest elevation in the ASD+LI group.
- Fig 4.
RD of the left arcuate fasciculus. ANOVA with factors of ASD (±) and LI (±), and covarying age and Perceptual Reasoning Index, revealed a significant main effect of LI (P = .02) on RD in the left arcuate fasciculus.
- Fig 5.
A schematic of the diffusion changes accompanying ASD and LI. Mean diffusivity was elevated in LI and ASD. Children with ASD had elevated AD (right boxes) and, thus, elevated MD. Patients with LI (bottom boxes) had elevated MD because of increased RD. Patients with ASD and LI had the highest MD values because of combined effects of both elevated RD and AD.
Tables
Diffusion of the arcuate fasciculus
TD SLI ASD−LI ASD+LI LH RH LH RH LH RH LH RH MD ×10−4 mm2/s 7.472 ± 0.052a 7.606 ± 0.059a 7.582 ± 0.071 7.602 ± 0.078 7.576 ± 0.061a 7.664 ± 0.070a 7.754 ± 0.069a 7.749 ± 0.079a FA .542 ± 0.005a .528 ± 0.007a 0.525 ± 0.007 .519 ± 0.009 .543 ± 0.006a .524 ± 0.008a .535 ± 0.007a .504 ± 0.009a RD 4.984 ± 0.064 5.140 ± 0.076 5.209 ± 0.087 5.233 ± 0.100 5.055 ± 0.075 5.255 ± 0.089 5.217 ± 0.085 5.404 ± 0.100 AD 12.412 ± 0.081 12.513 ± 0.085 12.278 ± 0.110 12.310 ± 0.112 12.609 ± 0.095 12.589 ± 0.100 12.870 ± 0.107 12.461 ± 0.113 Note:—All are marginal mean measures ± SEM projected to a mean age of 10.81 years and a Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) score of 101.92 in the left hemisphere; mean age was 10.75 years, and PRI score was 101.97 in the right hemisphere.
TD indicates typically developing, LH, left hemisphere; RH, right hemisphere.
↵a Partially reported in Nagae et al.8
