Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Annual hospital charges and costs for CEA and CAS. Annual (mean ± SD) unadjusted hospital charges (red circles) and costs (blue circles) are shown for CEA (left) and CAS (right). Sen slope trend-lines are shown for each annual data series (colored lines). 2008 stratified CMS average payments, based upon DRG codes for CEA and CAS, are overlaid in A and B, respectively (Table 2, solid line: no complication or comorbidity; dashed line: minor complication or comorbidity; dotted line: major complication or comorbidity).
- Fig 2.
Demographic and outcome variables affecting length of stay and hospital costs for CEA and CAS. Median ± IQR data are shown for LOS (A) and 2008-adjusted hospital costs (B) among preselected demographic and treatment variables for CEA (blue) and CAS (red). Circles represent median values and lines represent interquartile ranges. Tests for significance are color coded as follows: intervariable test CEA vs CAS (black); intravariable tests for CEA (blue) and CAS (red).
- Fig 3.
Predictors of length of stay and hospital costs for CEA and CAS by using multivariate regression analysis. Regression estimates for demographic and treatment variables for CEA (blue) and CAS (red) are shown for LOS (A) and 2008-adjusted hospital costs (B). The unadjusted response variable for each model, representing the baseline model value, is represented by the vertical colored lines (CEA, blue; CAS, red). Variable adjustments are shown by positive or negative bar-graph deflections from this baseline value. Regression results for each model are shown. Significance for each variable is coded as follows: ****P < .0001; ***P < .001; **P < .01; *P < .05; NS P ≥ .05).
Tables
- Table 1:
Demographic characteristics of carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting recipients (NIS data 2001–2008)
CEA (2001–2008) CAS (2004–2008) Total Population 181 200 12 485 Gender Male 103 817 (57) 7486 (60) Female 77 255 (43) 4997 (40) Age <69 42 198 (23) 3159 (25) ≥69 138 970 (77) 9326 (75) Discharge Status Home 159 701 (88) 11 097 (89) Short-term facility 528 (0.3) 72 (0.6) Skilled nursing facility 8823 (4.8) 704 (5.6) Home health care 10 926 (6.0) 487 (3.9) Death 1020 (0.6) 100 (0.8) Complications Stroke 1799 (1.0) 208 (1.7) Cardiac complications 3704 (2.0) 287 (2.3) Comorbidities Acute renal failure 643 (0.4) 246 (2) Chronic renal failure 1564 (0.9) 789 (6) Myocardial infarction 438 (0.2) 178 (1) Congestive heart failure 2965 (1.6) 1420 (11) COPD 4622 (2.6) 2140 (17) Diabetes 15 131 (8.4) 3249 (26) Hypertension 37 065 (20.4) 8052 (64) Valvular disease 8273 (4.6) 641 (5) Hyperlipidemia 30 501 (16.8) 6566 (53) 2008 CMS Average Reimbursement DRG Code U.S. Dollars CEA Without comorbidities or complications (DRG 039) $ 5,909 With comorbidities or complications (DRG 038) $ 7,955 With major comorbidities or complications (DRG 037) $12,258 CAS Without comorbidities or complications (DRG 036) $ 9,196 With comorbidities or complications (DRG 035) $10,290 With major comorbidities or complications (DRG 034) $13,779
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