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Research ArticleBrain
Open Access

No Association Between Conventional Brain MR Imaging and Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Multiple Sclerosis

R. Zivadinov, G. Cutter, K. Marr, M. Ramanathan, R.H.B. Benedict, N. Bergsland, C. Morgan, E. Carl, D. Hojnacki, E.A. Yeh, L. Willis, M. Cherneva, C. Kennedy, M.G. Dwyer and B. Weinstock-Guttman
American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2012, 33 (10) 1913-1917; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3112
R. Zivadinov
aFrom the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)
bThe Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.H., E.A.Y., B.W.-G.)
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G. Cutter
dDepartment of Biostatistics (G.C., C.M.), University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama.
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K. Marr
aFrom the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)
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M. Ramanathan
cDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
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R.H.B. Benedict
bThe Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.H., E.A.Y., B.W.-G.)
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N. Bergsland
aFrom the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)
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C. Morgan
dDepartment of Biostatistics (G.C., C.M.), University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama.
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E. Carl
aFrom the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)
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D. Hojnacki
bThe Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.H., E.A.Y., B.W.-G.)
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E.A. Yeh
bThe Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.H., E.A.Y., B.W.-G.)
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L. Willis
aFrom the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)
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M. Cherneva
aFrom the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)
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C. Kennedy
aFrom the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)
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M.G. Dwyer
aFrom the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)
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B. Weinstock-Guttman
bThe Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.H., E.A.Y., B.W.-G.)
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  • Article
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    Table 1:

    Demographic and clinical characteristics of the enrolled disease group subtypes

    HC (n = 73)RRMS (n = 162)SPMS (n = 66)
    Age, median (IQR)44 (17)44 (16)54.5 (9)
    Sex
        % Male45.222.819.7
        Male/female33/4037/12513/53
    EDSS, median (IQR) [# missing]2 (1.5) [8]6 (2) [2]
    Disease duration, years; median (IQR)9 (11)19.5 (18)
    • Note:—Of the 228 patients with MS, 204 were on disease-modifying therapy. These included 68 patients on interferon beta-1a I.M., 23 on interferon beta 1a S.C., 1 on interferon beta 1b, 46 on glatiramer acetate, 50 on natalizumab, 3 on intravenous immunoglobulin, 4 on mycophenolate mofetil, 2 on azathioprine, 2 on combination therapy, and 1 on mitoxantrone; drug data for 4 patients were not recorded. IQR indicates interquartile range.

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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 33 (10)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 33, Issue 10
1 Nov 2012
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Cite this article
R. Zivadinov, G. Cutter, K. Marr, M. Ramanathan, R.H.B. Benedict, N. Bergsland, C. Morgan, E. Carl, D. Hojnacki, E.A. Yeh, L. Willis, M. Cherneva, C. Kennedy, M.G. Dwyer, B. Weinstock-Guttman
No Association Between Conventional Brain MR Imaging and Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Multiple Sclerosis
American Journal of Neuroradiology Nov 2012, 33 (10) 1913-1917; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A3112

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No Association Between Conventional Brain MR Imaging and Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Multiple Sclerosis
R. Zivadinov, G. Cutter, K. Marr, M. Ramanathan, R.H.B. Benedict, N. Bergsland, C. Morgan, E. Carl, D. Hojnacki, E.A. Yeh, L. Willis, M. Cherneva, C. Kennedy, M.G. Dwyer, B. Weinstock-Guttman
American Journal of Neuroradiology Nov 2012, 33 (10) 1913-1917; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A3112
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