Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Case 2. Anteroposterior (A) and lateral (B) partial MIP images of the left carotid artery show a separately arising F-L trunk, a distal ECA, and the OA. There is no physiologic dilation of the ICA at its origin. Arrowheads and arrows in A indicate the most proximally arising F-L trunk and in B, the most distally arising OA.
- Fig 2.
Case 6. Anteroposterior MIP image (A) and lateral partial MIP image of the right carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries (B) show a straight ICA without physiologic dilation and a separately arising LA. The arrow in A indicates the LA. The FA originates from the distal ECA (arrow in B), resembling high bifurcation of the carotid artery. However, the OA arises from the right VA (arrowhead in B). C, 3D DSA of the right CCA clearly demonstrates the anomalously branching pattern. D, The short arrow indicates the LA, and the long arrow indicates the FA. DSA of a lateral projection of the right VA shows the OA arising from the level of the craniovertebral junction (arrowhead).
- Fig 3.
Schematic illustration of our hypothesis of a nonbifurcating cervical carotid artery in a lateral projection. A, Normal development. B, Agenesis of the most proximal ICA. C, Final configuration of this anomaly. The proximal OA or APA probably plays an important role in forming the nonbifurcating cervical carotid artery.
Tables
Case No./Age (yr)/Sex/Left or Right Branching Order (Proximal to Distal) Diagnostic Modality 1/76/F/left F-L trunk, main trunk of ECA, OA MRA 2/60/M/left F-L trunk, main trunk of ECA, OA MRA 3/78/M/right F-L trunk, main trunk of ECA, OA MRA 4/72/M/right F-L trunk, main trunk of ECA, OA MRA 5/78/M/right LA, common trunk of FA, ECA, OA MRA 6/48/M/right LA, common trunk of FA, ECAa MRA/angiography -
a OA arising from the VA.
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- Table 2:
Reported cases of a nonbifurcating cervical carotid artery in the English language literature
Reference No./Age (yr)/Sex/Left or Right Branching Order (Proximal to Distal) Diagnostic Modality 1/52/M/left LA, FA, main trunk of ECA, OA Autopsy 2/43/M/left F-L trunk, main trunk of ECAa Angiography/surgery 3/55/F/left LA, FA, main trunk of ECA, OA Angiography 4/76/M/left F-L trunk, main trunk of ECAa Angiography 5/67/M/left LA, FA, main trunk of ECA, OA Autopsy 6/66/M/right LA, FA, main trunk of ECAa Angiography/MRA/surgery 7/75/F/left F-L trunk, OA, main trunk of ECA Angiography 7/67/F/left F-L trunk, main trunk of ECA, OA Angiography 7/65/M/left F-L trunk, main trunk of ECA, OA Angiography 8/64/F/right LA, FA, main trunk of ECAa Angiography 9/71/M/right LA, FA, main trunk of ECA, OA Angiography -
a OA arising from the carotid artery could not be identified.
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