Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Case 4. A−C, CBF, CBV, and MTT maps. Decreased CBF and CBV are seen in the anterior and posterior perinidal areas, suggestive of arterial steal. The MTT in the anterior aspect is decreased (pattern 1, white arrow); however, MTT is increased in the posterior aspect (pattern 2, white arrows). D, Lateral view of conventional angiography shows small tortuous vessels posterior to the nidus, suggesting sprouting angiogenesis (black arrow).
- Fig 2.
Case 7. A−C, CBF, CBV, and MTT maps. Increased CBV and MTT are seen anterior to the nidus, which is suggestive of venous congestion (pattern 3, black arrows). D, Delayed phase of lateral conventional angiography shows tortuous engorged pial veins (pseudophlebitic pattern, black arrows) slowly draining anteriorly in addition to the main draining vein (arrow).
- Fig 3.
Case 17. A−C, Perinidal areas of pattern 1 are seen in anterior and posterior aspects of the nidus (arrow). Increased blood volume and increased transit time (pattern 3) in the remote anterior frontal lobe are suggestive of venous congestion (arrows). D−F, Postembolization CBF, CBV, and MTT maps. Glue is shown as dark signal intensity in the nidus. Improvement of pattern 3 is seen in the right frontal lobe. Residual but slight improvement of pattern 1 in the perinidal area is also suggested.
- Fig 4.
Schematic diagram of the PCT patterns in patients with brain AVM. Fast shunting of flow is noted in the nidus of the AVM. Blood flow in the normal brain parenchyma is seen (normal). Sump effect from the vascular pedicle supplying the shunt causes functional steal (pattern 1) in the brain adjacent to this pedicle (area A). Areas supplied by indirectly recruited collateral flow to the shunt from adjacent arteries cause ischemic steal (area B, pattern 2). High-pressure flow in the draining veins of the AVM causes venous congestion in remote parts of the brain (area C, pattern 3).
Tables
Case Sex/Age (yr) Symptom Volume (cm3) Location Drainage PCT Abnormality Pattern (location)a 1 F/49 Seizure 23.0 Frontal, lt Superficial Pattern 1 (remote and perinidal) 2 F/40 None 2.7 Frontal, rt Superficial Pattern 2 (perinidal) 3 M/47 Seizure 3.8 Frontal, rt Superficial Pattern 1 (perinidal) 4 F/21 FND 17.2 Parietal, rt Superficial Patterns 1 and 2 (perinidal) 5 F/49 FND 15.3 Occipital, rt Superficial Pattern 3 6 F/61 none 0.4 Frontal, rt Superficial None 7 M/53 FND 24.7 Temporo-occipital, lt Superficial, deep Pattern 3 8 F/17 Hemorrhage 0.7 Temporal, rt Superficial None 9 M/64 Hemorrhage 2.1 Temporo-parietal, rt Superficial None 10 M/62 Chemosis 14.1 Frontal, rt Superficial, deep Pattern 3 11 F/30 None 2.4 Frontal, lt Superficial, deep Pattern 1 (perinidal) 12 F/28 Hemorrhage 19.1 Frontal, rt Superficial, deep Patterns 1 (perinidal) and 3 13 F/53 FND 10.2 Temporal, rt Deep Pattern 2 (remote) 14 M/39 FND 8.0 Occipital, lt Superficial Pattern 2 (perinidal) 15 F/42 Seizure 0.3 Parietal, lt Superficial Pattern 1 (perinidal) 16 M/37 Seizure 21.2 Frontal, rt Superficial, deep Pattern 1 (perinidal) 17 M/23 Seizure 27.4 Parietal, rt Superficial Patterns 1 (perinidal) and 3 18 F/39 Hemorrhage 3.1 Cerebellum, rt Superficial None -
↵a Pattern 1 is decreased CBF, CBV, and MTT; pattern 2, decreased CBF and CBV, and increased MTT; pattern 3, increased CBV and MTT.
-
Pattern 1 (n = 8) Pattern 2 (n = 4) Pattern 3 (n = 5) Arterial phase Neoangiogenesis (n = 15) 7 (88%) 3 (75%) 5 (100%) Leptomeningeal recruit (n = 8) 4 (50%) 2 (50%) 4 (80%) Transdural recruit (n = 2) 0 1 (25%) 1 (20%) ≥2 Signs 4 (50%) 2 (50%) 4 (80%) Venous phase Pseudophlebitic (n = 5) 2 (25%) 0 4 (80%) Venous reflux (n = 8) 4 (50%) 1 (25%) 5 (100%) ≥2 Signs 1 (13%) 0 4 (80%)
In this issue
Jump to section
Related Articles
Cited By...
- MR characteristics of unruptured intracranial arteriovenous malformations associated with seizure as initial clinical presentation
- Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Characteristic Pattern of Edema and Enhancement of the Medulla on MRI
- Feasibility of Flat Panel Detector CT in Perfusion Assessment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: Initial Clinical Experience
- The clinical dilemma of treating transient ischaemic attack-like symptoms in patients with coexisting arteriovenous malformation