Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Presence of CSF artifacts in the different FLAIR datasets acquired under study conditions in healthy volunteers. Percentages (asterisks) indicate frequencies of scoring the presence of CSF artifacts in the respective region as no (0), minimal (1), and moderate (2) pulsation artifacts or severe pulsation artifacts that obscure adjacent structures (3).
- Fig 2.
Four different FLAIR images of the same healthy volunteer. Axial standard 2D FLAIR at 1.5T (A), at 3T (B), and PROPELLER FLAIR (C) and axial reconstructions of the 3D Cube-FLAIR (D). CSF artifacts are visible in the fourth ventricle (arrows) and in the prepontine cistern (arrowheads) on all FLAIR-images (A−C) except on the 3D Cube-FLAIR (D).
- Fig 3.
Presence of CSF artifacts in the different FLAIR datasets acquired under routine conditions in patients with epilepsy. Percentages (asterisks) indicate frequencies of scoring the presence of CSF artifacts in the respective region as no (0), minimal (1), and moderate (2) pulsation artifacts or severe pulsation artifacts that obscure adjacent structures. (3)
- Fig 4.
Axial standard 2D FLAIR (A1–3) and axial reconstructions of the 3D Cube-FLAIR (B1–3) acquired in a patient with epilepsy on a 3T scanner. On the 2D FLAIR images, considerable CSF artifacts were present in the left lateral ventricle (arrow in A1, judged as grade 1 by both readers), in the third ventricle (arrow in A2, judged as grade 2), in the fourth ventricle (long arrows in A3, judged as grade 3), and in the prepontine cistern (arrowheads in A3, judged as grade 2). The corresponding sections of the 3D Cube-FLAIR (B1–3) were not affected by these artifacts.
- Fig 5.
Axial standard 2D FLAIR images (A1, B1, C1), axial reconstructions of the 3D Cube-FLAIR (A2, B2, C2), and NCCT (A3, B3) of 3 different patients (A−C). A1–3, A 34-year-old patient with CT-proved SAH in the perimedullary cistern (black arrows in A3). SAH is well-delineated on the 2D FLAIR (arrows in A1) and on the Cube-FLAIR (arrows in A2). B1–3, A 53-year-old patient with CT-proved SAH in the interpeduncular fossa (arrow in B3). While the Cube-FLAIR (B2) shows the circumscript SAH (arrow in B2) analogous to the CCT, the SAH can hardly be distinguished from CSF artifacts (arrowheads in B1) on standard 2D FLAIR (B1). C1–2, Control patient with epilepsy but without SAH. The standard 2D FLAIR findings were judged as false-positive with regard to the presence of SAH within the perimesencephalic and suprasellar cisterns by both readers (arrowheads in C1), whereas the Cube-FLAIR (C2) clearly shows the absence of SAH in this location
Tables
Contingency table comparing the results of the diagnostic tests (2D and 3D FLAIR) and the reference standard (CT) for patients with SAH and controls (patients with epilepsy)
Diagnostic Test 3T FLAIR Cube-FLAIR Positive Negative Positive Negative Aa Positive 13 7 20 0 Negative 6 14 0 20 Bb Positive 35 25 57 3 Negative 36 304 0 340
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