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Criteria Clinically significant cardiac disease Congestive heart failure (NYHA functional class III/IV) Abnormal stress test Need for open-heart surgery Unstable angina (CCS class III/IV) Left ventricular ejection fraction ≤30% Planned coronary artery bypass graft or valve replacement Severe pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease manifested with FEV ≤ 30% Contralateral carotid occlusion or stenosis Previous radical neck surgery or radiation therapy to the neck Recurrent stenosis after endarterectomy Age ≥75 years Surgically inaccessible lesion at or above C2 or below the clavicle Laryngeal palsy or laryngectomy Symptom onset within 2 weeks Neurologic symptoms change (≥NIHSS 4) within 48 hours from onset Arteriosclerosis obliterans Cancer History of major surgery within the past year Renal problem (creatinine level >1.5 mg/dL) Risk factors Bilateral Group Control Group P Value Simultaneous (n = 24) Staged (n = 6) Unilateral (n = 175) Age ≥75 7 (29.2%) 1 (16.7%) 40 (22.9%) .796 Hypertension 19 (79.2%) 5 (83.3%) 132 (75.4%) .927 Diabetes 9 (37.5%) 5 (83.3%) 64 (36.6%) .087 Dyslipidemia 5 (25.0%) 0 (0%) 36 (20.6%) .513 Smoking 9 (37.5%) 3 (50.0%) 63 (36.0%) .661 Cardiac disease 6 (25.0%) 2 (33.3%) 47 (26.9%) .829 Stroke-TIA 21 (87.5%) 5 (83.3%) 143 (81.7%) .770 Alcohol 9 (37.5%) 4 (66.7%) 84 (48.0%) .407 Previous stroke 8 (33.3%) 0 (0%) 58 (33.1%) .276 Events and Outcomes Bilateral Group Unilateral Group P Value Simultaneous (n = 24) Staged (n = 6) Control (n = 175) Hyperperfusion syndrome 4 0 5 .036 Hemodynamic depression 7 3 49 .505 6-month event Minor stroke 2 (2) 0 8 (6) 1.000 Major stroke 0 0 4 (4) 1.000 Death 1 0 7 (2) .550 6-month outcome mRs ≤2 23 6 158 .830 mRs >2 1 0 17 Restenosis 3/36 (8.3%) 0/12 9/132 (6.8%) .321 Total deaths 1 0 7 .676 -
a The number in parentheses in a 6-month event refers to a 1-month event.
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