Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
A−C, Representative images from a patient with recurrent GBM: CE-T1 (A), CE-SWI (B), and ADC maps (C). D−F, Automatically defined enhancement masks are overlaid on the corresponding maps seen in the top row. Note the regions of nonspecific BBB leakage within the CE-T1 mask, which correlate to areas of necrosis and vascular structures on the SWI maps (arrow).
- Fig 2.
Representative CE-T1 (A and D), CE-SWI (B and E), ADC maps (C and F), and ADC frequency plots for patient 14, with a biopsy-defined recurrent anaplastic oligoastrocytoma. The top frequency plot presents ADC values found within the CE-T1 enhancement mask (red), while the bottom plot shows ADC values contained within the CE-SWI mask (blue). Images on the top row correspond to the initial time point, while those on the bottom row show the follow-up scans. For the ADC frequency plots, the continuous line corresponds to data acquired at the initial time point, while the dashed line is from the follow-up data. These combined data highlight the correlation between an increase in enhancement volume (for both T1 and SWI) with a significant reduction in ADC value within the CE-SWI enhancement mask for recurrent tumor. Most interesting, there is an apparent increase in ADC within the CE-T1 enhancement mask, possibly reflecting the inclusion of necrosis within the ADC analysis.
- Fig 3.
Representative CE-T1 (A and D), CE-SWI (B and E), ADC maps (C and F), and ADC frequency graphs for patient 10 with SD most likely associated with radiation-chemotherapy−induced changes. The top frequency plot presents ADC values found within the CE-T1 enhancement mask (red), while the bottom plot shows ADC values contained within the CE-SWI mask (blue). Images on the top row correspond to the initial time point, while those on the bottom row show the follow-up scans. For the ADC frequency plots, the continuous line corresponds to data acquired at the initial time point, while the dashed line is from the follow-up data. For this patient, there is little change in enhancement volume between time points, but a significant increase in ADC values within the CE-SWI enhancement mask. Follow-up scans revealed no further increase in enhancement volume (data not shown). This pattern of change may represent radiation injury within the perilesional boundary.
Tables
No. Age (yr) Sex Initial Pathology (date) Follow-Up Intervalsa (mo) Diagnosisb Reference Standard 1 30 F GBM, May 2003 6 and 9 RT Biopsy 2 30 M Oligodendroglioma, March 2008 4 and 8 RT Clinical/MRI follow-up 3 59 F Oligodendroglioma, May 2005 24 and 26 SD Clinical/MRI follow-up 4 63 F GBM, February 2008 10 and 12 SD Clinical/MRI follow-up 5 61 M GBM, June 2008 2 and 4 RT Clinical/MRI follow-up 6 57 M Astrocytoma,c August 2008 1 and 3 RT Clinical/MRI follow-up 7 55 M GBM, May 2008 7 and 9 SD Clinical/MRI follow-up 8 44 F Oligodendroglioma, 1996 6 and 8 RT Biopsy 9 29 F GBM, October 2006 6 and 8 RT Biopsy 10 48 F GBM, September 2005 4 and 5 SDd Clinical/MRI follow-up 11 92 F GBM, November 2007 3 and 7 RT Pseudo Deceased 12 36 M GBM, November 2007 4 and 5 SDd Clinical/MRI follow-up 13 53 F Astrocytoma,c May 2008 6 and 10 SD Clinical/MRI follow-up 14 62 M Astrocytoma,c October 2008 6 and 8 RT Biopsy 15 60 M GBM 4 and 7 RT Biopsy 16 42 F GBM, April 2009 1 and 3 RT Clinical/MRI follow-up 17 71 M GBM, October 2008 1 and 3 RT Clinical/MRI follow-up -
a Scanning follow-up intervals after treatment for new enhancing lesions.
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b Most probable diagnosis of new lesions: GBM, RT, SD (most likely radiation-chemotherapy change).
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c Anaplastic astrocytoma.
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d Patients underwent additional MR imaging showing no change in radiologic features or change in clinical status.
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No. T1 SWI Time Point 1 Time Point 2 Time Point 1 Time Point Z Vol (mm3) ADC (median) Vol (mm3) ADC (median) Vol (mm3) ADC (median) Vol (mm3) ADC (median) 1 3 1591 21 1448b 3 1560 12 1506b 2 6 1228 5 1214b 2 1270 1 1092b 3 66 1228 122 1270c 49 1267 75 1338c 4 4 890 2.2 796b 0.3 883 0.1 990b 5 19 809 20 852c 3 960 12 931c 6 6 1245 10.5 1232 2 1250 5.6 1233 7 3 1061 2 1148 No E — No E — 8 2.4 947 8 1020b 0.3 1153 4.4 1026 9 2 1124 9 1190b 0.7 1194 2 1283b 10 0.4 1034 0.5 1396b 0.2 1095 0.1 1752c 11 26 1076 41 1132c 6.6 1066 5 1419c 12 4 1112 16.5 1091b 3.6 1131 6.4 1162b 13 0.2 1404 0.1 1636b 0.1 1748 0.1 1830 14 5 1200 19 1218 3 1257 10.5 1174c 15 29 1194 56.6 1145b 10 1219 28 1090c 16 4.7 1352 29 1268b 2 1384 18 1350b 17 13 1360 3.5 954c 5 1377 4 970c -
a ADC units are seconds per square millimeter.
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b P < .005.
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c P < .0005.
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