Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Search strategy and selection process for identifying articles on aneurysm models.
- Fig 2.
Number of publications per year reporting intracranial aneurysm models, as recruited in electronic data bases, showing a threefold output in the 2000s compared with the decades from 1963 to 1993.
Tables
- Table 1:
Number of each type of aneurysm per species in the final set of included studies (n = 131)
Species (No. of Studies) Lateral Wall, No. of Aneurysms (No. of Studies) Bifurcation, No. of Aneurysms (No. of Studies) Elastase, No. of Aneurysms (No. or % of Studies) Dogs (55) 1051 (43)a 442 (21)a 0 Swine (31) 756 0 0 Rabbits (44) 313 (7) 406 (10) 794 (27) Primates (1) 23 0 0 Total 2143 (57%) 848 (22%) 794 (21%) a Nine studies reported both lateral wall and bifurcation aneurysms.
Criteria No. of Studies (%) (Total, 131) Compliance with animal welfare regulations 90 (70) Control groups included 91 (70) Aneurysm size and morphology 95 (73) Patency of untreated aneurysms 76 (59) Angio and/or histologic scores 117 (90) Correlation between angio and histologic results 34 (26) Blinding of outcome assessment 27 (20) Randomization of the experiment 19 (15) Surgery and procedural complications 105 (81) - Table 3:
Number of studies reporting the different histologic techniques (tissue-processing procedure, conventional staining, IHC, SEM) and the use of scoring technique
Species, Aneurysm (No. of studies) Studies with Histology, No. (%)a Plastic Inclusion, No. (%)b Paraffin Inclusion, No. (%)b Stains, No. (%)b IHC, No. (%)b SEM, No. (%)b Scoring Technique, No. (%)b Canine, lateral wall (43)c 37 (86) 15 (40) 24 (65) 37 (100) 9 (24) 12 (32%) 4 (11) Canine, bifurcation (21)c 19 (90) 8 (42) 11 (58) 19 (100) 8 (42) 4 (21%) 2 (10) Swine, lateral wall (31) 26 (84) 10 (38) 19 (73) 25 (96) 8 (30) 4 (15%) 7 (27) Rabbit, lateral wall (7) 4 (57) 0 4 (100) 4 (100) 3 (75) 1 (25%) 0 Rabbit, bifurcation (10) 8 (80) 2 (25) 6 (75) 8 (100) 1 (12) 3 (37%) 0 Rabbit, elastase (27) 26 (96) 14 (54) 17 (65) 26 (100) 5 (19) 4 (15%) 10 (38) Total (139) 120 (86) 49 (41) 81 (67.5) 119 (99) 34 (28) 27 (22.5) 23 (19) a Percentage of studies in aneurysms of each animal species.
b Percentage of studies with histology.
c Nine studies reported on both lateral wall and bifurcation aneurysms.
- Table 4:
Primary histopathologic findings after coil embolization of experimental aneurysms
Species, Aneurysm Neck Dome Reaction Around and Inside Coils Inflammation Reaction Canine, lateral wall7,41,52,57 Neointima in the obliterated and recanalized aneurysms (170.00 ± 42.43 μm) Variably organized connective tissue Neointima and connective tissue tightly adhering to the coils Minimal inflammatory reaction Canine, bifurcation28,29,43,52 Very thin neointima (29.80 ± 24.35 μm); frequent endothelialized clefts Little-to-no residual thrombus; organized vascularized fibrocellular tissue Coils apparently bare or covered by a neointimal membrane of variable thickness Minimal degree of inflammation Swine, lateral wall35,41,55,56 Thick fibrous neointimal membrane >1000 μm Dense fibrotic tissue Neointima and connective tissue tightly adhering to the coils Attenuated inflammatory reaction Rabbit, bifurcation8,15,18,30,31 No endothelialization No evidence of organized thrombus Uncovered coils in the lumen and no fibrosis between the loops of coils Severe chronic or no major inflammatory reaction Rabbit, elastase10,44–46,72 Partial or complete thin neointimal coverage Loose hypocellular vascularized connective tissue; no contractile cells and no collagen deposition No endothelial layer covering the coils close to the aneurysm neck Marked-to-mild localized chronic inflammatory infiltration
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