Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
DAVF at the left TSS with the left hemisphere affected in a 48-year-old woman (case 1). The imaging section angle of SWI varies slightly from that of T2-weighted imaging and DSC. A, Arterial phase of a left common carotid angiogram shows a DAVF at the left TSS (large arrow) with retrograde venous drainage into the left sphenopetrosal vein (small arrows). B, Venous phase of a left common carotid angiogram shows venous congestion (small arrows) around the left Sylvian fissure due to retrograde venous drainage into the left superficial Sylvian veins via the left sphenopetrosal vein. C and D, T2-weighted images show small abnormal flow voids in the left Sylvian fissure and left temporal cortical sulci (arrows). E and F, DSC shows increased cerebral blood volume around the left Sylvian fissure and temporal lobe (arrows). G and H, SWI shows dilation of cortical (large arrows) and medullary veins (small arrows) in the left hemisphere. SWI clearly depicts dilated medullary veins (small arrows), which could not be detected with T2-weighted images.
- Fig 2.
DAVF at the right TSS with both hemispheres affected in a 77-year-old woman (case 7). A, Arterial phase of a right external carotid angiogram shows a DAVF at the right TSS (large arrow) with retrograde venous drainage into the superior sagittal sinus and bilateral cortical veins (small arrows), with occlusions of the distal portion of right sigmoid sinus and of the proximal portion of left transverse sinus. B, Venous phase of a right external carotid angiogram shows marked venous congestion (arrows) in both hemispheres. C and D, T2-weighted image shows no abnormal flow-voids. E and F, DSC shows increased cerebral blood volume in both hemispheres (arrows). G and H, SWI shows dilation of cortical veins (large arrows) in both hemispheres and dilation of medullary veins (small arrows) in the left hemisphere.
- Fig 3.
DAVF at the superior sagittal sinus with both hemispheres affected in a 77-year-old man (case 3). A, T2-weighted image shows multiple abnormal small flow-voids (arrows) in the interhemispheric fissures. B, DSC shows increased cerebral blood volume around the interhemispheric fissures and parietal sulci (arrows). C and D, SWI shows dilation of cortical (large arrows) and medullary veins (small arrows) in both hemispheres.
- Fig 4.
DAVF at the right TSS without RCVD in a 50-year-old man. A, Arterial phase of a right common carotid angiogram shows a DAVF at the right TSS (arrow) without RCVD. B−D, SWI shows no dilated cerebral veins.
- Fig 5.
DAVF at the right TSS with the right hemisphere affected in a 67-year-old man (case 9). A, Arterial phase of a right external carotid angiogram shows a DAVF at the right TSS (large arrow) with RCVD in the right hemisphere (small arrows). B, T2-weighted image shows a subcortical hematoma in the right temporal lobe and abnormal flow voids around the hematoma in the right temporo-occipital region (arrows). C, DSC shows increased cerebral blood volume around the hematoma in the right temporal and occipital lobes (arrows). D, SWI shows dilation of cerebral veins (large arrows) and large and small hemorrhages (small arrows) in the right temporo-occipital region. Although it is difficult to definitively discriminate dilated venous structures and small hematomas by using SWI alone, the combination of DSC and SWI overcomes this limitation.
- Fig 6.
DAVF at the right TSS with a right affected hemisphere in a 55-year-old man (case 10). A, Arterial phase of a right external carotid angiogram shows a DAVF (large arrow) with venous drainage directly into the right vein of Labbé (Cognard classification type III) (arrows). B, T2-weighted image shows abnormal flow voids in the right temporo-occipital region (arrows). C, DSC shows increased cerebral blood volume in the right temporo-occipital region (arrows). D, SWI depicts dilated cerebral veins as hyperintense vessels (small arrows), though most dilated cortical veins are seen as typical hypointense vessels (large arrows).
Tables
Data of patients with DAVFs with RCVD
Case No. Age (yr)/Sex Main Clinical Findings Site of DAVF Site of RCVD Classification of DAVF Increased CBV Dilated Veins on SWI Prominent Flow Void Surface Deep Surface Deep 1 48/F Pulsatile tinnitus Left TSS Left IIb Yes Yes Yes Yes No 2 73/F Pulsatile tinnitus Left TSS Left IIb Yes Yes No No No 3 77/M Headache SSS Both IIb Yes, both Yes, both Yes, both Yes, both No 4 60/M Papilledema TS Both IIa + b Yes, both Yes, both Yes, both Yes, both Yes, both 5 74/F Hemorrhage Left TSS Left IIb Yes Yes No No No 6 62/M Dementia Right TSS Right IIa + b Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 7 77/F Dementia Right TSS Both IIa + b Yes, both Yes, both Yes, left No No 8 57/F Hemorrhage SSS Both llb Yes, both Yes, both Yes, both Yes, both Yes, both 9 67/M Hemorrhage Right TSS Right llb Yes Yes No Yes No 10 55/M Headache Right TSS Right III Yes Yes No Yes No
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