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Research ArticleNeurointervention
Open Access

Establishment of an Experimental Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Model and the Application in Covered-Stent Navigability Testing

J. Xie, M.-H. Li, H.-Q. Tan, Y.-Q. Zhu, Y.-D. Li, C.-H. Fan, D.-J. Hu and R.-H. Qiao
American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2009, 30 (5) 1041-1045; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A1479
J. Xie
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M.-H. Li
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H.-Q. Tan
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Y.-Q. Zhu
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Y.-D. Li
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C.-H. Fan
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D.-J. Hu
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R.-H. Qiao
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    Fig 1.

    A, VR image of the MRA of the left ICA and its branches in the patient. B, The real tube is made of TangoPlus by the RP machine. It has the major bends of the carotid siphon. The thickness is 1.5 mm and the diameter is 5 mm. C, The tube is coated with silicone gel.

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    Fig 2.

    A−C, The surgical method and procedure. An end-to-end anastomosis (arrow, C) is made distal to and outside the tube. D, The artificially created artery is full, filling after removing the clips. The tube is semitransparent; thus, the CCA inside can be seen.

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    Fig 3.

    A, Angiogram before stent placement. The 4 bends of the artery are well demonstrated. B, Arrow shows the dilated balloon and the location of the stent. C, Angiogram after stent placement.

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    Fig 4.

    Comparisons between CCA of the dog in the model (light red) and the human ICA (transparent dark red) before (A and B) and after (C and D) integration in different positions. The images of both arteries coincide well.

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    Fig 5.

    Microscopic findings after stent placement. A, Lacerations extending to the tunica media (arrow) (hematoxylin-eosin [HE], original magnification ×100). B, Destruction of endothelial ridges (arrow) (HE, original magnification ×200). C, Flattening of endothelial ridges (arrow) (HE, original magnification ×200).

Tables

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  • Animals, devices, and angiographic and pathologic results

    Animal No.Stent TypeAngiographyPathology
    DeliveryVascular Reaction (spasm, thrombosis)GrossMicroscopy
    1, 2NoneNoneNoneNormalNormal
    3, 43.5 × 16 mmDifficultNoneNormalSevere injury
    5, 63.5 × 13 mmSuccessful BNoneNormalMild injury
    7, 83.5 × 10 mmSuccessful BNoneNormalNo injury
    9, 103.5 × 7 mmSuccessful ANoneNormalNo injury
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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 30 (5)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 30, Issue 5
May 2009
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Cite this article
J. Xie, M.-H. Li, H.-Q. Tan, Y.-Q. Zhu, Y.-D. Li, C.-H. Fan, D.-J. Hu, R.-H. Qiao
Establishment of an Experimental Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Model and the Application in Covered-Stent Navigability Testing
American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2009, 30 (5) 1041-1045; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A1479

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Establishment of an Experimental Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Model and the Application in Covered-Stent Navigability Testing
J. Xie, M.-H. Li, H.-Q. Tan, Y.-Q. Zhu, Y.-D. Li, C.-H. Fan, D.-J. Hu, R.-H. Qiao
American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2009, 30 (5) 1041-1045; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A1479
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