Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
A, VR image of the MRA of the left ICA and its branches in the patient. B, The real tube is made of TangoPlus by the RP machine. It has the major bends of the carotid siphon. The thickness is 1.5 mm and the diameter is 5 mm. C, The tube is coated with silicone gel.
- Fig 2.
A−C, The surgical method and procedure. An end-to-end anastomosis (arrow, C) is made distal to and outside the tube. D, The artificially created artery is full, filling after removing the clips. The tube is semitransparent; thus, the CCA inside can be seen.
- Fig 3.
A, Angiogram before stent placement. The 4 bends of the artery are well demonstrated. B, Arrow shows the dilated balloon and the location of the stent. C, Angiogram after stent placement.
- Fig 4.
Comparisons between CCA of the dog in the model (light red) and the human ICA (transparent dark red) before (A and B) and after (C and D) integration in different positions. The images of both arteries coincide well.
- Fig 5.
Microscopic findings after stent placement. A, Lacerations extending to the tunica media (arrow) (hematoxylin-eosin [HE], original magnification ×100). B, Destruction of endothelial ridges (arrow) (HE, original magnification ×200). C, Flattening of endothelial ridges (arrow) (HE, original magnification ×200).
Tables
Animals, devices, and angiographic and pathologic results
Animal No. Stent Type Angiography Pathology Delivery Vascular Reaction (spasm, thrombosis) Gross Microscopy 1, 2 None None None Normal Normal 3, 4 3.5 × 16 mm Difficult None Normal Severe injury 5, 6 3.5 × 13 mm Successful B None Normal Mild injury 7, 8 3.5 × 10 mm Successful B None Normal No injury 9, 10 3.5 × 7 mm Successful A None Normal No injury
