Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
A 53-year-old man with history of glioblastoma presented with chronic otomastoiditis and mandibular nerve denervation. A, Coronal T2-weighted MR image demonstrates a transcranial mass extending through the left foramen ovale, with the largest component in the masticator space (white arrowheads). Subacute denervation of the left medial pterygoid and masseter muscles is evidenced by their increased signal intensity and decreased volume (white arrows). Chronic postoperative and treatment-related changes are noted in the left middle cranial fossa and left temporal lobe (black arrow). B, Axial contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted MR image demonstrates the extracranial portion of the mass interposed between the left medial and lateral pterygoid muscles (white arrowheads). The left temporalis and masseter muscles demonstrate asymmetrically decreased volume (white arrows). Note the mass effect on the left eustachian tube orifice and abnormal signal within the left mastoid air cells, likely on an obstructive basis (black arrow).
- Fig 2.
PET images in the coronal plane clearly show transcranial tumor extending from the floor of the left middle cranial fossa into the soft tissues of the left deep face (black arrows).
Tables
Spontaneous extradural spread of glioblastoma through the skull base
Investigator Age (yr), Sex Site of Primary Site of Extradural Spread Prior Treatment Sanerkin, 19626 65, M L temporal lobe L middle cranial fossa None Nager, 19677 41, M Large R temporal R temporal bone, presenting as a mass in the R external auditory canal No prior craniotomy or radiotherapy Hoyt et al, 19728 – Frontotemporal Anterior fossa Liwnicz and Rubinstein, 19793 26, M Large L temporal lobe L middle cranial fossa Radiation and surgery approx 8 months prior Aoyama et al, 19809 30 F R frontal Anterior cranial fossa into nasal cavity None Shuangshoti et al, 198710 30, M R frontotemporal R sphenoid wing, posterior wall of frontal sinus None Shuangshoti et al, 198710 25, F R frontotemporal Sphenoid wing, ethmoid, posterior orbit None Bigner et al, 198911 7, F L medial temporal L sphenoid wing and sella turcica into nasopharynx Left ventriculopleural shunt Lampl et al, 199012 32, M R frontoparietal Ethmoid sinus, frontal sinus Resection 8 months prior with chemoradiation Pompili et al, 199313 40, M Bifrontal L orbit, ethmoid, maxillary sinus, and nasal fossa Partial resection and radiation 21 months prior Horiuchi et al, 199614 41, F R temporal lobe R anterior and middle cranial fossae into orbit, nasal cavity, and oral cavity 2 prior resections Rainov et al, 199615 66, F L temporal lobe Anterior and middle cranial fossae None Note:—R, L indicate right and left, respectively; approx, approximately.
