Biomechanical Analysis of Sacroplasty: Does Volume or Location of Cement Matter?

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Fig 1.
Schematic of the 4 sacroplasty groups. A, Group 0 + 0 (control), no sacroplasty, no cement. B, Group 3 + 0 (sacroplasty), 3 mL of bone cement injected bilaterally at S1. C, Group 3 + 3 (sacroplasty), 3 mL of bone cement injected bilaterally at S1 and S2. D, Group 6 + 3 (sacroplasty), 6 mL of bone cement injected bilaterally at S1 and 3 mL injected bilaterally at S2.

Table 1:

Specimen demographics

Group	Age at Time of Death (yr)	Female/Male Ratio	Bone Mineral Attenuation (g/cm²)	t-Score	Fracture Pattern (unilateral/bilateral)
0 + 0 (n = 6)	84.2	5:1	0.65	−3.61	3:3
3 + 0 (n = 6)	82.4	4:2	0.62	−3.62	2:4
3 + 3 (n = 7)	78.14	5:2	0.64	−3.57	3:4
6 + 3 (n = 6)	84.33	4:1	0.54	−4.36	4:2

Table 2:

Mean strength and gross stiffness values

Group	Initial Failure Load (N)^*	Treated Failure Load (N)^*	Strength Restoration (%)	Initial Stiffness (N/mm)^†	Treated Stiffness (N/mm)^†	Stiffness Restoration (%)
0 + 0 (n = 6)	3349	1970^‡	62	396	202^‡	56
3 + 0 (n = 6)	3044	1737	60	404	181	49
3 + 3 (n = 7)	2488	1751	75	314	191	69
6 + 3 (n = 6)	2692	1668	62	374	179	51

* Standard error of the mean (SEM) = 234 N.
† SEM = 39 N/mm.
‡ Specimens in the control group, though not treated, underwent the same reloading protocols as those in the treated groups.