Article Figures & Data
Tables
Partial Seizures (seizures with focal onset)
) Simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired)
) With motor signs
) With somatosensory or special-sensory symptoms
) With autonomic symptoms or signs
) With psychic symptoms (disturbance of higher cerebral functions)
) Complex partial seizures (consciousness impaired)
) Starting as simple partial seizures
) Without automatisms
) With automatisms
) With impairment of consciousness at onset without automatisms (impairment of consciousness only)
) Partial seizures evolving into secondarily generalized seizures
Generalized Seizures
) Absence seizures and atypical absence seizures (may have the following components):
Mild clonic, atonic, tonic, or autonomic activities, or automatic behavior
) Myoclonic seizures
) Clonic seizures
) Tonic seizures
) Tonic-clonic seizures
) Atonic seizures
Unclassified Epileptic Seizures
MRI head without contrast MRI head without and with contrast CT head without and with contrast CT head without contrast FDG-PET head SPECT head fMRI head MEG/ MSI MRA head Chronic epilepsy, poor therapeutic response. Surgery candidate. 8 8 6 5 7a 5a 5a 5b 3 New onset seizure. ETOH, and/or drug related. 7c 8c 6c 5c 2 2 2 2 2 New onset seizure. Aged 18–40 years. 8c 7c 6c 5c 4 4 2 2 2 New onset seizure. Older than age 40. 7c 8c 3c 5c 4 4 2 2 2 New onset seizure. Focal neurological deficit. 8c 8c 7c 6c 3 3 2 2 2 Rating Scale: 1, least appropriate; 9, most appropriate.
a May be helpful in pre-op planning.
b Data probably equivalent to BOLD and SPECT.
c In the acute or emergency setting, CT may be the imaging study of choice.