In Vivo Demonstration of Neuroinflammatory Molecule Expression in Brain Abscess with Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neuroinflammatory molecules, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin1-β, lymphocyte function associated molecule-1, and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 contribute to the development of brain abscess. We hypothesized that the high fractional anisotropy (FA) in the brain abscess cavity reflects the upregulation of these neuroinflammatory molecules.

Materials and METHODS: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed in 24 patients with brain abscess and Staphylococcus aureus–treated as well as nontreated Jurket cell lines (at 4 time points: 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours). Neuroinflammatory molecules were quantified from the brain abscess cavity aspirate of the patients as well as from the heat-killed S aureus–treated and nontreated cell lines and correlated with DTI measures.

RESULTS: The DTI-derived FA strongly correlated with the presence of neuroinflammatory molecules in the pus as well as in S aureus–treated cell lines; no such correlation was observed in nontreated cell lines.

CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that neuroinflammatory molecules confer high diffusion anisotropy inside the brain abscess cavity. We propose that increased FA reflects upregulated inflammatory response in brain abscess.