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Research ArticleFUNCTIONAL

Hippocampal Atrophy Confounds Template-Based Functional MR Imaging Measures of Hippocampal Activation in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

C.K. Sandstrom, S. Krishnan, M.J. Slavin, T.-T.T. Tran, P.M. Doraiswamy and J.R. Petrella
American Journal of Neuroradiology September 2006, 27 (8) 1622-1627;
C.K. Sandstrom
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S. Krishnan
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M.J. Slavin
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T.-T.T. Tran
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P.M. Doraiswamy
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J.R. Petrella
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  • Fig 1.
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    Fig 1.

    A, Hippocampal ROI (from WFU PickAtlas31–33) on the MNI template.11

    B, Seventy-five-year-old man with MCI, with hippocampal ROI drawn manually on image.

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    Fig 2.

    Correlation of right hippocampal activation in a template-space-based ROI with right hippocampal volume in subjects with MCI and control subjects during retrieval. Hippocampal volumes have been normalized by single-section intracranial area and hippocampal activation has been adjusted for subject age. Units of activation are represented as proportion of ROI activated. The line demonstrates a significant negative correlation between hippocampal volume and activation in the subjects with MCI.

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    Fig 3.

    Correlation of right hippocampal activation in a native-space-based manual ROI with right hippocampal volume in subjects with MCI and control subjects during retrieval. Hippocampal volumes have been normalized by single-section intracranial area and hippocampal activation has been adjusted for subject age. Units of activation are represented as proportion of ROI activated.

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    Table 1:

    Demographic and clinical characteristics

    CharacteristicsMild Cognitive Impairment (N = 20)Control (N = 20)
    Age, y (SD)75.0 (7.6)71.2 (4.5)
    Age range, y55.5–83.363.3–80.5
    Men/women12/89/11
    Education, y15.0 (2.2)15.9 (2.9)
    CVLT (SD)5.0 (2.5)11.0 2.6)*
    MMSE (SD)26.7 (1.5)28.4 (1.4)*
    LHV (as % of ICA) (SD)6.19 (1.16)7.29 (1.01)*
    RHV (as % of ICA) (SD)6.40 (1.00)7.16 (0.91)*
    • Note:—Values shown are means (SD) unless otherwise noted. CVLT indicates delayed recall score on the California Verbal Learning Test-II; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; LHV, left hippocampal volume; RHV, right hippocampal volume; ICA, intracranial area.

    • * P < .05.

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    Table 2:

    Results from ANCOVA (with P values for independent variables included in the model)

    ANCOVA ModelTemplate-Based AnalysisNative Subject Space with Manual ROI
    LH, encoding
        Group.699.617
        Age.616.017
        LHV/ICA.428.490
        Group X LHV/ICA.789.700
    LH, retrieval
        Group.591.542
        Age.271.181
        LHV/ICA.496.619
        Group X LHV/ICA.620.593
    RH, encoding
        Group.909.724
        Age.148.070
        RHV/ICA.731.943
        Group X RHV/ICA.108.897
    RH, retrieval
        Group.030*.694
        Age.707.828
        RHV/ICA.812.121
        Group X RHV/ICA.020.712
    • Note:—Dependent variable is proportion of activated voxels in hippocampal region of interest.

      LH indicates left hippocampal activation; LHV/ICA, left hippocampal volume divided by single-section intracranial volume; RH, right hippocampal activation; RHV/ICA, right hippocampal volume divided by single-section intracranial volume; Group X LHV/ICA and Group X RHV/ICA, interaction term between group and hippocampal volume. Significant values of P are indicated in boldface type.

    • * Group term becomes nonsignificant (P = .314) when the interaction term, Group X RHV/ICA, is removed from the ANCOVA model.

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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 27 (8)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 27, Issue 8
September 2006
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C.K. Sandstrom, S. Krishnan, M.J. Slavin, T.-T.T. Tran, P.M. Doraiswamy, J.R. Petrella
Hippocampal Atrophy Confounds Template-Based Functional MR Imaging Measures of Hippocampal Activation in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
American Journal of Neuroradiology Sep 2006, 27 (8) 1622-1627;

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Hippocampal Atrophy Confounds Template-Based Functional MR Imaging Measures of Hippocampal Activation in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
C.K. Sandstrom, S. Krishnan, M.J. Slavin, T.-T.T. Tran, P.M. Doraiswamy, J.R. Petrella
American Journal of Neuroradiology Sep 2006, 27 (8) 1622-1627;
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