Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Corresponding axial sections of STS MPR (A) and MIP (B) reformations in a 63-year-old man. The small intracranial arteries are better delineated with the MIP reformatting technique. Window and level settings were standardized and are the same in both panels.
- Fig 2.
Corresponding sagittal sections of STS MPR (A) and MIP (B) reformations in the same 63-year-old man. The intracranial arteries and small veins are better delineated with the MIP reformatting technique, whereas the superior sagittal sinus is about equally delineated. Window and level settings were standardized and are the same in both panels.
- Fig 3.
Corresponding sagittal of STS MPR (A) and MIP (B) reformations in a 78-year-old woman. The calcifications of the carotid bifurcation are better delineated in the MIP reformations. Window and level settings were standardized and are the same in both panels.
Tables
Vessel Type Reader 1 Reader 2 Reader 3 Arterial score 1: CCA MIP 5 (4, 5) 5 (5, 5) 4 (3, 5) MPR 4 (3, 4) 5 (4, 5) 4 (3, 5) Arterial score 2: Bifurcation MIP 5 (5, 5) 5 (4, 5) 5 (4, 5) MPR 3 (2, 4) 4 (3, 4) 4 (4, 5) Arterial score 3: ICA MIP 4 (4, 5) 5 (4, 5) 4 (3, 5) MPR 3 (2, 4) 4 (3, 5) 4 (2, 5) Arterial score 4: ECA MIP 4 (4, 5) 5 (4, 5) 4 (3, 5) MPR 3 (2, 4) 4 (3, 4) 4 (2, 5) Arterial score 5: Intraosseous portion of ICA MIP 5 (4, 5) 5 (4, 5) 4 (3, 5) MPR 2 (2, 3) 3 (3, 4) 3 (2, 4) Arterial score 6: Vertebral arteries MIP 4 (4, 5) 5 (4, 5) 4 (3, 5) MPR 3 (3, 4) 4 (3, 4) 3.5 (2, 5) Arterial score 7: Basilar artery MIP 4 (4, 5) 5 (5, 5) 4 (4, 5) MPR 3 (2, 4) 4 (4, 4) 4 (2, 4) Arterial score 8: Communicating arteries MIP 4 (4, 4) 5 (4, 5) 4 (3, 5) MPR 3 (2, 3) 3.5 (3, 4) 3 (2, 5) Arterial score 9: First segments: A1, M1, P1 MIP 5 (4, 5) 5 (5, 5) 5 (4, 5) MPR 4 (3, 4) 4 (4, 5) 4 (3, 4) Arterial score 10: Second segments: A2, M2, P2 MIP 4.5 (4, 5) 5 (4, 5) 4 (3, 4) MPR 3 (3, 3) 4 (3, 4) 3 (2, 3) Arterial score 11: Third segments: A3, M3, P3 MIP 4 (4, 5) 5 (4, 5) 3 (3, 4) MPR 2.5 (2, 3) 3 (3, 4) 2 (2, 3) Venous score 1: Internal and bridging cerebral veins MIP 4 (4, 5) 5 (5, 5) 4 (3, 5) MPR 3.5 (3, 4) 4 (4, 5) 4 (2, 4) Venous score 2: Cavernous sinus MIP 4 (4, 5) 4 (4, 5) 3 (3, 4) MPR 2 (2, 3) 4 (3, 4) 3 (2, 3) Venous score 3: Superior saggital sinus MIP 4 (4, 5) 5 (5, 5) 4 (4, 5) MPR 4 (4, 4) 5 (3, 5) 4 (4, 5) Venous score 4: Transverse and sigmoid sinus MIP 4 (4, 5) 5 (4, 5) 4 (4, 5) MPR 4 (4, 5) 5 (4, 5) 4 (3, 5) Venous score 5: Jugular veins MIP 3 (2, 5) 4 (3, 5) 3 (2, 5) MPR 3 (2, 4) 4 (3, 5) 3 (2, 5) Quality score 1: Quality overall: 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent) MIP 4 (4, 5) 5 (4, 5) 4.5 (4, 5) MPR 3 (3, 4) 4 (4, 4) 4 (4, 5) Quality score 2: Artifacts: 1 (cannot be interpreted) to 5 (no artifacts) MIP 4 (3, 5) 4 (4, 5) 4 (3, 5) MPR 3.5 (2, 4) 4 (4, 5) 4 (3, 5) Quality score 3: Dental artifacts: 1 (cannot be interpreted) to 5 (no artifacts) MIP 3.5 (2, 5) 3.5 (3, 5) 3.5 (2, 5) MPR 3.5 (2, 5) 3.5 (2, 5) 3.5 (2, 5) Quality score 4: Delineation of vascular calcification: 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent) MIP 5 (4, 5)† 5 (4, 5)† 5 (4, 5)† MPR 3 (2, 3)† 4 (3, 4)† 5 (3, 5)† Quality score 5: Subjective contrast: 1 (insufficient) to 5 (excellent) MIP 5 (4, 5) 5 (5, 5) 4.5 (4, 5) MPR 5 (4, 5) 4 (4, 5) 4.5 (4, 5) Note:—CCA indicates common carotid artery; ICA, internal carotid artery; ECA, external carotid artery.
† In one of the 10 subjects, all readers chose n/a, as no calcifications were discerned with either technique.
- Table 2:
Mantel-Haenzel row mean score test statistic (P value) based on a χ2 distribution with 1 degree of freedom (3 degrees of freedom for the overall analysis), stratified on matched pairs, for every vessel and image quality parameter by reader
Vessel Reader 1 Reader 2 Reader 3 Overall Arterial score 1: CCA 9.3077 (0.0023) 4.0000 (0.0455) 2.0000 (0.1573) 15.3077 (0.0016) Arterial score 2: Bifurcation 9.0000 (0.0027) 8.3333 (0.0039) 5.0000 (0.0253) 22.3333 (<0.0001) Arterial score 3: ICA 8.8947 (0.0029) 8.0000 (0.0047) 4.0000 (0.0455) 20.8947 (0.0001) Arterial score 4: ECA 8.8947 (0.0029) 9.0000 (0.0027) 4.0000 (0.0455) 21.8947 (<0.0001) Arterial score 5: Intraosseous portion of ICA 9.2807 (0.0023) 8.8947 (0.0029) 5.0000 (0.0253) 23.1754 (<0.0001) Arterial score 6: Vertebral arteries 6.4000 (0.0114) 8.3333 (0.0039) 7.0000 (0.0082) 21.7333 (<0.0001) Arterial score 7: Basilar artery 8.9091 (0.0028) 10.000 (0.0016) 6.2308 (0.0126) 25.1399 (<0.0001) Arterial score 8: Communicating arteries 8.8947 (0.0029) 8.8947 (0.0029) 6.2308 (0.0126) 24.0202 (<0.0001) Arterial score 9: First segments: A1, M1, P1 8.3333 (0.0039) 6.0000 (0.0143) 9.0000 (0.0027) 23.3333 (<0.0001) Arterial score 10: Second segments: A2, M2, P2 9.0000 (0.0027) 8.3333 (0.0039) 9.3077 (0.0023) 26.3333 (<0.0001) Arterial score 11: Third segments: A3, M3, P3 9.3226 (0.0023) 9.1429 (0.0025) 10.000 (0.0016) 28.4655 (<0.0001) Venous score 1: Internal and bridging cerebral veins 5.4000 (0.0201) 7.0000 (0.0082) 4.4545 (0.0348) 16.8545 (0.0008) Venous score 2: Cavernous sinus 9.0000 (0.0027) 4.0000 (0.0455) 6.0000 (0.0143) 19.0000 (0.0003) Venous score 3: Superior saggital sinus 2.0000 (0.1573) 1.0000 (0.3173) 0 (1)‡ 3.0000 (0.3916) Venous score 4: Transverse and sigmoid sinus 1.0000 (0.3173) 1.0000 (0.3173) 1.0000 (0.3173) 3.0000 (0.3916) Venous score 5: Jugular veins 1.0000 (0.3173) 1.0000 (0.3173) 0 (1)††† 2.0000 (0.5724) Quality score 1: Quality overall: 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent) 7.3636 (0.0067) 9.0000 (0.0027) 1.0000 (0.3173) 17.3636 (0.0006) Quality score 2: Artifacts: 1 (cannot be interpreted) to 5 (no artifacts) 4.0000 (0.0455) 1.0000 (0.3173) 0 (1)††† 5.0000 (0.1718) Quality score 3: Dental artifacts: 1 (cannot be interpreted) to 5 (no artifacts) 1.0000 (0.3173) 1.0000 (0.3173) 0 (1)††† 2.0000 (0.5724) Quality score 4: Delineation of vascular calcification: 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent) 9.000 (0.0027)† 7.118 (0.0076)† 4.000 (0.0455)† 20.1176 (0.0002)† Quality score 5: Subjective contrast: 1 (insufficient) to 5 (excellent) 0 (1)‡ 6.0000 (0.0143) 0 (1)‡ 6.0000 (0.1116) Note:—In every instance where the test was significant, the shift in row mean scores was due to a higher distribution of scores for MIP. Significant results are marked in bold. CCA indicates common carotid artery; ICA, internal carotid artery; ECA, external carotid artery.
† In one of the 10 subjects, all readers chose n/a, as no calcifications were discerned with either technique.
‡ Only 2 of the possible 5 scores were used for every subject, for both MIP and MPR. The resulting 2 × 2 table has identical MIP and MPR scores within every subject. Thus, the Mantel-Haenzel row mean score test, stratified on matched pairs, cannot be computed due to a singular covariance matrix. However, in this situation, McNemar’s test for 2 × 2 tables can be used. Here, McNemar’s test statistic is 0 with a P value of 1.
††† MIP and MPR scores are identical within every subject, and thus the Mantel-Haenzel row mean score test, stratified on matched pairs, cannot be computed due to a singular covariance matrix.
