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Research ArticleBrain

Reproducibility of Primary Motor Cortex Somatotopy Under Controlled Conditions

Hatem Alkadhi, Gerard R. Crelier, Sabina Hotz Boendermaker, Xavier Golay, Marie-Claude Hepp-Reymond and Spyros S. Kollias
American Journal of Neuroradiology October 2002, 23 (9) 1524-1532;
Hatem Alkadhi
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Gerard R. Crelier
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Sabina Hotz Boendermaker
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Xavier Golay
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Marie-Claude Hepp-Reymond
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Spyros S. Kollias
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  • Fig 1.
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    Fig 1.

    Activation in contralateral M1 (arrows) displayed in axial sections for one subject in the first session. The right side of the sections corresponds to the left hemisphere, and the numbers in the color bar correspond to t values.

    A and B, The fingers (A) and hand (B) are in almost identical locations (z plane, +58).

    C and D, The wrist (C) and elbow (D) representations are located more medially, superior and posterior along the course of M1 (z plane, +59 and +61, respectively).

    E and F, Note the considerable overlap of activated volumes within the arm and the clear separation of the foot (E) and tongue (F) (z plane, +66 and +28, respectively).

  • Fig 2.
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    Fig 2.

    Activation of contralateral M1 in the second session in the same subject as in Figure 1. A comparison with the images in Figure 1 reveals a high degree of reproducibility in the somatotopy despite variations in the activated volumes.

    A and B, Fingers (A) and hand (B).

    C and D, Wrist (C) and elbow (D).

    E and F, Foot (E) and tongue (F).

  • Fig 3.
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    Fig 3.

    Two-dimensional scatter plots of the COGs in the 12 subjects (two sessions per subject) in the contralateral M1. Small dots represent individual COGs, and large dots indicate the mean COGs. Note the separate subdivisions for the foot, arm, and tongue and the clear somatotopic gradients within the arm representations in both the axial and coronal planes. The x, y, and z coordinates corresponding to those in Talairach space (21). Left, Axial plane with approximate contour of the precentral gyrus. Right, Coronal plane with the cortical surface and limited to the white matter.

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    Fig 4.

    Two-dimensional scatter plots of within-forearm COGs in contralateral M1 in the 12 subjects. COGs plane for the fingers, hand, wrist, and elbow are displayed in the axial plane.

    A, First experimental session. The approximate contour of the precentral gyrus is outlined (as in Fig 3 left image, with the same colors as in Fig 3). The width x of each rectangle is 20 mm and the height y is 18 mm in Talairach space. Note the preserved somatotopic gradient in all 12 individual hand and forearm representations.

    B, Second experimental session. Note the highly similar distribution and preserved somatotopic gradient of within-forearm COGs in almost all subjects compared with those of first session.

Tables

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    TABLE 1:

    Activation in contralateral M1 areas of body parts

    ParadigmVolume of Contralateral M1, mm3Maximum t Value*COG
    Mean ± SDRangexyz
    Hand5566 ± 24732976–96009.7 ± 2.0−36 ± 3−22 ± 458 ± 3
    Fingers2972 ± 12111264–51298.4 ± 2.6−37 ± 2−20 ± 558 ± 2
    Wrist4409 ± 20911520–83209.4 ± 2.4−34 ± 3−23 ± 459 ± 3
    Elbow2267 ± 11581200–78248.2 ± 2.3−29 ± 4−25 ± 461 ± 5
    Foot1457 ± 986256–38885.9 ± 1.2−6 ± 3−33 ± 566 ± 5
    Tongue†
     Left3079 ± 20341088–71527.9 ± 1.5−52 ± 3−5 ± 329 ± 6
     Right3042 ± 164512–62727.3 ± 1.756 ± 2−6 ± 328 ± 5
    • Note.—Data are from the single-subject analysis. Numbers of subjects were as follows: 24 for the hand, fingers, wrist, and elbow experiments and 22 for the tongue and foot experiments.

    • * Data are the mean ± SD.

    • † For the tongue movements, the bilateral representations in the left and right hemispheres are shown.

    • View popup
    TABLE 2:

    Statistical comparisons

    ComparisonP Value from t TestMean Overlapping Volume, %*
    xyz
    Hand versus wrist<.001<.07<.00149% ± 14
    Hand versus elbow<.001<.001<.00128% ± 16
    Finger versus hand>.05>.05>.0586% ± 10
    Finger versus wrist<.001<.001<.00134% ± 14
    Finger versus elbow<.001<.001<.00114% ± 10
    Wrist versus elbow<.001<.001<.00132% ± 14
    • Note.—Comparisons of the COGs and the percentage of overlapping volumes for the finger, hand, wrist, and elbow movements in contralateral M1. Data are from the single-subject analysis. Numbers of subjects were as follows: 24 for the hand, fingers, wrist, and elbow experiments and 22 for the tongue and foot experiments.

    • * Data are the mean ± SD.

    • View popup
    TABLE 3:

    Reproducibility of the COGs and activated volumes in contralateral M1

    Experiment and SessionMean Volumexyz
    Fingers
     First2972 ± 1211−37 ± 2−20 ± 558 ± 2
     Second3023 ± 1263−37 ± 3−19 ± 457 ± 3
    Wrist
     First4409 ± 2091−34 ± 3−23 ± 459 ± 3
     Second3519 ± 1760−34 ± 3−22 ± 559 ± 3
    Elbow
     First2267 ± 1158−29 ± 4−25 ± 461 ± 5
     Second1984 ± 453−29 ± 2−26 ± 362 ± 3
    Hand
     First5566 ± 2473−36 ± 3−22 ± 458 ± 3
     Second5002 ± 1309−37 ± 2−20 ± 457 ± 3
    Foot
     First1457 ± 986−6 ± 3−33 ± 566 ± 5
     Second1436 ± 955−6 ± 3−33 ± 568 ± 4
    Tongue, Left
     First3079 ± 2034−52 ± 3−5 ± 329 ± 6
     Second3907 ± 2185−51 ± 4−6 ± 133 ± 6
    Tongue, Right
     First3042 ± 164056 ± 2−6 ± 328 ± 5
     Second2589 ± 212156 ± 4−7 ± 431 ± 6
    • Note.—COGs are the Talairach coordinates. Data are from the single-subject analysis. Numbers of subjects were as follows: 12 for the hand, fingers, wrist, and elbow experiments and 11 for the tongue and foot experiments.

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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 23 (9)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 23, Issue 9
1 Oct 2002
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Cite this article
Hatem Alkadhi, Gerard R. Crelier, Sabina Hotz Boendermaker, Xavier Golay, Marie-Claude Hepp-Reymond, Spyros S. Kollias
Reproducibility of Primary Motor Cortex Somatotopy Under Controlled Conditions
American Journal of Neuroradiology Oct 2002, 23 (9) 1524-1532;

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Reproducibility of Primary Motor Cortex Somatotopy Under Controlled Conditions
Hatem Alkadhi, Gerard R. Crelier, Sabina Hotz Boendermaker, Xavier Golay, Marie-Claude Hepp-Reymond, Spyros S. Kollias
American Journal of Neuroradiology Oct 2002, 23 (9) 1524-1532;
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