Time-of-Flight MR Angiography of Carotid Artery Stenosis: Does a Flow Void Represent Severe Stenosis?

References

1. ↵
   North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 1991;325:445–453

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
2. European Carotid Surgery Trialists’ Collaborative Group. MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial: interim results for symptomatic patients with severe (70–99%) or with mild (0–29%) carotid stenosis. Lancet 1991;337:1235–1243

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
3. ↵
   Barnett HJ, Taylor DW, Eliasziw M, et al. Benefit of carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic moderate or severe stenosis: North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1415–1425

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
4. ↵
   European Carotid Surgery Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of endarterectomy for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis: final results of the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST). Lancet 1998;351:1379–1387

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. ↵
   Hankey GJ, Warlow CP, Molyneux AJ. Complications of cerebral angiography for patients with mild carotid territory ischaemia being considered for carotid endarterectomy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990;53:542–548

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
6. ↵
   Davies KN, Humphrey PR. Complications of cerebral angiography in patients with symptomatic carotid territory ischaemia screened by carotid ultrasound. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993;56:967–972

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
7. ↵
   Johnston DC, Goldstein LB. Clinical carotid endarterectomy decision making: noninvasive vascular imaging versus angiography. Neurology 2001;56:1009–1015

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
8. Jackson MR, Chang AS, Robles HA, et al. Determination of 60% or greater carotid stenosis: a prospective comparison of magnetic resonance angiography and duplex ultrasound with conventional angiography. Ann Vasc Surg 1998;12:236–243

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
9. Kent KC, Kuntz KM, Patel MR, et al. Perioperative imaging strategies for carotid endarterectomy: an analysis of morbidity and cost-effectiveness in symptomatic patients. JAMA 1995;20;274:888–893
10. Kagawa R, Moritake K, Shima T, Okada Y. Validity of B-mode ultrasonographic findings in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy in comparison with angiographic and clinicopathologic features. Stroke 1996;27:700–705

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
11. Blakeley DD, Oddone EZ, Hasselblad V, Simel DL, Matchar DB. Noninvasive carotid artery testing: a meta-analytic review. Ann Intern Med 1995;122:360–367

    PubMedWeb of Science
12. ↵
    Westwood ME, Kelly S, Berry E, et al. Use of magnetic resonance angiography to select candidates with recently symptomatic carotid stenosis for surgery: systematic review. Br Med J 2002;324:198

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
13. ↵
    Leclerc X, Gauvrit JY, Nicol L, Pruvo JP. Contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the craniocervical vessels: a review. Neuroradiology 1999;41:867–874

    CrossRefPubMed
14. Thanh Phan, Huston J, Bernstein MA, Riederer SJ, Brown RD. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the cervical vessels: experience with 422 patients. Stroke 2001;32 ,2282–2286

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
15. ↵
    Remonda L, Senn P, Barth A, Arold M, Lövblad KO, Schroth G. Contrast-enhanced 3D MR Angiography of the carotid artery: comparison with conventional digital subtraction angiography. AJNR Am J Neurorad 2002;23:213–219
16. ↵
    Hoogeveen RM, Bakker CJ, Viergever MA. Phase-derivative analysis in MR angiography: reduced Venc dependency and improved vessel wall detection in laminar and disturbed flow. J Magn Reson Imaging 1997;7:321–330

    PubMed
17. ↵
    Serfaty JM, Chirossel P, Chevallier JM, Ecochard R, Froment JC, Douek PC. Accuracy of three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography in the assessment of extracranial carotid artery disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;175:455–463

    PubMedWeb of Science
18. Binaghi S, Maeder P, Uske A, Meuwly JY, Devuyst G, Meuli RA. Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography of carotid bifurcation stenosis. Eur Neurol 2001;46:25–34

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
19. Randoux B, Marro B, Koskas F, et al. Carotid artery stenosis: prospective comparison of CT, three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR, and conventional angiography. Radiology 2001;220:179–185

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. ↵
    Back MR, Wilson JS, Rushing G, et al. Magnetic resonance angiography is an accurate imaging adjunct to duplex ultrasound scan in patient selection for carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg 2000;32:429–438

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
21. ↵
    Huston J, Nichols DA, Luetmer PH, et al. MR angiographic and sonographic indications for endarterectomy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998;19:309–315

    Abstract
22. ↵
    Nederkoorn PJ, Mali WPThM, Eikelboom BC, et al. Preoperative diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis. Stroke 2002;33:2003–2008

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
23. ↵
    Mustert BR, Williams DM, Prince MR. In vitro model of arterial stenosis: correlation of MR signal dephasing and trans-stenotic pressure gradients. Magn Reson Imaging 1998;16:301–310

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
24. ↵
    Gatenby JC, McCauley TR, Gore JC. Mechanisms of signal loss in magnetic resonance imaging of stenoses. Med Phys 1993;20:1049–1057

    CrossRefPubMed
25. ↵
    Oshinski JN, Ku DN, Pettigrew RI. Turbulent fluctuation velocity: the most significant determinant of signal loss in stenotic vessels. Magn Reson Med 1995;33:193–199

    PubMedWeb of Science
26. ↵
    Hunink MG, Polak JF, Barlan MM, O’Leary DH. Detection and quantification of carotid artery stenosis: efficacy of various Doppler velocity parameters. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993;160:619–625

    PubMedWeb of Science
27. ↵
    Elgersma OE, van Leersum M, Buijs PC, et al. Changes over time in optimal duplex threshold for the identification of patients eligible for carotid endarterectomy. Stroke 1998;29:2352–2356

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
28. ↵
    Rothwell PM, Pendlebury ST, Wardlaw J, Warlow CP. Critical appraisal of the design and reporting of studies of imaging and measurement of carotid stenosis. Stroke 2000;31:1444–1450

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
29. ↵
    Benade MM, Warlow CP. Costs and benefits of carotid endarterectomy and associated preoperative arterial imaging: a systematic review of health economic literature. Stroke 2002;33:629–638

    Abstract/FREE Full Text