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This prospective study of patients with CVF compared the levels of β-trace protein (BTP) in paraspinal veins near the CVF with those in the peripheral blood and in the peripheral blood of controls. Venous blood at the site of the CVF was shown to have higher BTP values compared with peripheral blood in most patients with CVF. It was also found that patients with CVF had a lower peripheral blood BTP level compared with controls.

In this retrospective study, the authors assessed the tolerability and technical performance of increased intrathecal doses (20 mL) of myelographic contrast compared with standard doses (10 mL). They found that the increased volume of intrathecal contrast was well-tolerated and improved the technical performance of LDCTM.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether the presence of IVLs and CN VIII NVC on MRI is associated with tinnitus, SNHL, or vertigo and any specific subtypes. It was found that CN VIII NVC is associated with vestibular paroxysmia, and IVL is associated with sudden-onset SNHL. No association was found between IVL or CN VIII NVC and undefined tinnitus, SNHL, and vertigo.