- Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas of the Foramen Magnum Region: Clinical Features and Angioarchitectural Phenotypes
The largest case series of foramen magnum region AVFs to date is presented and shows that clinical features relate to angioarchitecture. Orbital symptoms are frequent when sinus reflux is present. Hemorrhage was only observed in type 3 and 4 fistulas.
- Refractory Stroke Thrombectomy: Prevalence, Etiology, and Adjunctive Treatment in a North American Cohort
Refractory stroke thrombectomy is encountered in 10% of cases, independently associated with diabetes, and related to underlying vessel wall pathology or, less commonly, recalcitrant emboli. Emergent salvage interventions with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors or intracranial angioplasty and/or stenting are safe and effective adjunctive treatments.
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