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Research ArticleINTERVENTIONAL
Open Access

Endovascular Cooling Catheter for Selective Brain Hypothermia: An Animal Feasibility Study of Cooling Performance

G. Cattaneo, M. Schumacher, C. Maurer, J. Wolfertz, T. Jost, M. Büchert, A. Keuler, L. Boos, M.J. Shah, K. Foerster, W.-D. Niesen, G. Ihorst, H. Urbach and S. Meckel
American Journal of Neuroradiology January 2016, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4625
G. Cattaneo
From Acandis (G.C., J.W., T.J., M.B.), Pforzheim, Germany; and Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.), Neurosurgery (M.J.S.), Neurology (W.-D.N.), and University Heart Center (K.F.), and University Study Center (G.I.), University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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M. Schumacher
From Acandis (G.C., J.W., T.J., M.B.), Pforzheim, Germany; and Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.), Neurosurgery (M.J.S.), Neurology (W.-D.N.), and University Heart Center (K.F.), and University Study Center (G.I.), University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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C. Maurer
From Acandis (G.C., J.W., T.J., M.B.), Pforzheim, Germany; and Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.), Neurosurgery (M.J.S.), Neurology (W.-D.N.), and University Heart Center (K.F.), and University Study Center (G.I.), University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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J. Wolfertz
From Acandis (G.C., J.W., T.J., M.B.), Pforzheim, Germany; and Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.), Neurosurgery (M.J.S.), Neurology (W.-D.N.), and University Heart Center (K.F.), and University Study Center (G.I.), University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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T. Jost
From Acandis (G.C., J.W., T.J., M.B.), Pforzheim, Germany; and Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.), Neurosurgery (M.J.S.), Neurology (W.-D.N.), and University Heart Center (K.F.), and University Study Center (G.I.), University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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M. Büchert
From Acandis (G.C., J.W., T.J., M.B.), Pforzheim, Germany; and Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.), Neurosurgery (M.J.S.), Neurology (W.-D.N.), and University Heart Center (K.F.), and University Study Center (G.I.), University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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A. Keuler
From Acandis (G.C., J.W., T.J., M.B.), Pforzheim, Germany; and Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.), Neurosurgery (M.J.S.), Neurology (W.-D.N.), and University Heart Center (K.F.), and University Study Center (G.I.), University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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L. Boos
From Acandis (G.C., J.W., T.J., M.B.), Pforzheim, Germany; and Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.), Neurosurgery (M.J.S.), Neurology (W.-D.N.), and University Heart Center (K.F.), and University Study Center (G.I.), University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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M.J. Shah
From Acandis (G.C., J.W., T.J., M.B.), Pforzheim, Germany; and Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.), Neurosurgery (M.J.S.), Neurology (W.-D.N.), and University Heart Center (K.F.), and University Study Center (G.I.), University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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K. Foerster
From Acandis (G.C., J.W., T.J., M.B.), Pforzheim, Germany; and Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.), Neurosurgery (M.J.S.), Neurology (W.-D.N.), and University Heart Center (K.F.), and University Study Center (G.I.), University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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W.-D. Niesen
From Acandis (G.C., J.W., T.J., M.B.), Pforzheim, Germany; and Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.), Neurosurgery (M.J.S.), Neurology (W.-D.N.), and University Heart Center (K.F.), and University Study Center (G.I.), University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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G. Ihorst
From Acandis (G.C., J.W., T.J., M.B.), Pforzheim, Germany; and Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.), Neurosurgery (M.J.S.), Neurology (W.-D.N.), and University Heart Center (K.F.), and University Study Center (G.I.), University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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H. Urbach
From Acandis (G.C., J.W., T.J., M.B.), Pforzheim, Germany; and Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.), Neurosurgery (M.J.S.), Neurology (W.-D.N.), and University Heart Center (K.F.), and University Study Center (G.I.), University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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S. Meckel
From Acandis (G.C., J.W., T.J., M.B.), Pforzheim, Germany; and Departments of Neuroradiology (M.S., C.M., A.K., L.B., H.U., S.M.), Neurosurgery (M.J.S.), Neurology (W.-D.N.), and University Heart Center (K.F.), and University Study Center (G.I.), University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Therapeutic hypothermia represents a promising neuroprotective treatment in acute ischemic stroke. Selective cerebral hypothermia applied early, prior to and during endovascular mechanical recanalization therapy, may be beneficial in the critical phase of reperfusion. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a new intracarotid cooling catheter in an animal model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine adult sheep were included. Temperature probes were introduced into the frontal and temporal brain cortices bilaterally. The cooling catheter system was introduced into a common carotid artery. Selective blood cooling was applied for 180 minutes. Systemic and local brain temperatures were measured during cooling and rewarming. Common carotid artery diameters and flow were measured angiographically and by Doppler sonography.

RESULTS: The common carotid artery diameter was between 6.7 and 7.3 mm. Common carotid artery blood flow velocities increased moderately during cooling and after catheter removal. Maximum cerebral cooling in the ipsilateral temporal cortex was −4.7°C (95% CI, −5.1 to −4.0°C). Ipsilateral brain temperatures dropped significantly faster and became lower compared with the contralateral cortex with maximum temperature difference of −1.3°C (95% CI, −1.5 to −1.0°C; P < .0001) and compared with systemic temperature (−1.4°C; 95% CI, −1.7 to −1.0°C; P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS: Sheep proved a feasible animal model for the intracarotid cooling catheter. Fast induction of selective mild hypothermia was achieved within the cooled cerebral hemisphere, with stable temperature gradients in the contralateral brain and systemic blood. Further studies are required to demonstrate any therapeutic benefit of selective cerebral cooling in a stroke model.

Abbreviations

BW
body weight
CCA
common carotid artery
ΔT
temperature drop
MT
mechanical thrombectomy
TH
therapeutic hypothermia
  • © 2016 American Society of Neuroradiology

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Cite this article
G. Cattaneo, M. Schumacher, C. Maurer, J. Wolfertz, T. Jost, M. Büchert, A. Keuler, L. Boos, M.J. Shah, K. Foerster, W.-D. Niesen, G. Ihorst, H. Urbach, S. Meckel
Endovascular Cooling Catheter for Selective Brain Hypothermia: An Animal Feasibility Study of Cooling Performance
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jan 2016, DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A4625

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Endovascular Cooling Catheter for Selective Brain Hypothermia: An Animal Feasibility Study of Cooling Performance
G. Cattaneo, M. Schumacher, C. Maurer, J. Wolfertz, T. Jost, M. Büchert, A. Keuler, L. Boos, M.J. Shah, K. Foerster, W.-D. Niesen, G. Ihorst, H. Urbach, S. Meckel
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jan 2016, DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A4625
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