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In this prospective study, 13 patients underwent unilateral indirect cerebral revascularization and DSC-MR imaging before and after surgery. Conventional perfusion parameters (relative CBV, relative CBF, and TTP) and probabilistic independent components that reflect the relative contributions of DSC signals consistent with arterial, capillary, and venous hemodynamics were calculated and examined for significant changes after surgery. Before surgery, tissue within the affected hemisphere demonstrated a high probability for hemodynamics consistent with venous flow and a low probability for hemodynamics consistent with arterial flow, whereas the contralateral control hemisphere demonstrated the reverse. Consistent with symptomatic improvement, the probability for venous hemodynamics within the affected hemisphere decreased with time after surgery. The authors conclude that probabilistic independent component analysis yielded sensitive measurements of changes in local tissue perfusion that may be associated with newly formed vasculature after indirect cerebral revascularization surgery