Index by author

This case series of 5 patients describes the authors' approach to using dynamic MRA with direct puncture of venous malformations to define the angioarchitecture and draining veins in these lesions. MultiHance in a 1:100 dilution with normal saline solution was used for the contrast administration. Precontrast images were used as a mask and were digitally subtracted from the postcontrast images (13- and 51-second acquisitions, respectively). The authors conclude that they have developed a method to completely eliminate digital subtraction angiography x-ray radiation exposure during treatment of venous vascular malformations.