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class=\u0022institution-id\u0022\u003E0000000121901447\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022institution\u0022\u003EDepartment of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022institution\u0022\u003EUniversity of T\u0026Atilde;\u0026frac14;bingen\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022addr-line\u0022\u003ET\u0026Atilde;\u0026frac14;bingen\u003C\/span\u003E, Germany\n\u003C\/address\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022aff\u0022\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022aff-5\u0022 name=\u0022aff-5\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Caddress\u003E\n\u003Csup\u003EAff5\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022institution-wrap\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022institution-id\u0022\u003Egrid.94365.3d\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022institution-id\u0022\u003E0000000122975165\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022institution\u0022\u003ECenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan 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class=\u0022addr-line\u0022\u003EMD\u003C\/span\u003E, USA\n\u003C\/address\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022corresp-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022corresp\u0022 id=\u0022corresp-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-corresp-1-1\u0022\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#134;\u0026micro;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022corresp-label\u0022\u003Ea\u003C\/span\u003E\n\n\u003Cspan class=\u0022em-link\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022em-addr\u0022\u003EWoverwijk{at}mdanderson.org\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022corresp\u0022 id=\u0022corresp-2\u0022\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-corresp-2-1\u0022\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#134;\u0026micro;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022corresp-label\u0022\u003Eb\u003C\/span\u003E\n\n\u003Cspan class=\u0022em-link\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022em-addr\u0022\u003EEwang{at}mail.cc.nih.gov\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022corresp\u0022 id=\u0022corresp-3\u0022\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-corresp-3-1\u0022\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#134;\u0026micro;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022corresp-label\u0022\u003Ec\u003C\/span\u003E\n\n\u003Cspan class=\u0022em-link\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022em-addr\u0022\u003EFMarincola{at}cc.nih.gov\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022corresp\u0022 id=\u0022corresp-4\u0022\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-corresp-4-1\u0022\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#134;\u0026micro;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022corresp-label\u0022\u003Ed\u003C\/span\u003E\n\n\u003Cspan class=\u0022em-link\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022em-addr\u0022\u003ERammensee{at}uni-tuebingen.de\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022corresp\u0022 id=\u0022corresp-5\u0022\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-corresp-5-1\u0022\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#134;\u0026micro;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022corresp-label\u0022\u003Ee\u003C\/span\u003E\n\n\u003Cspan class=\u0022em-link\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022em-addr\u0022\u003ERestifon{at}mail.nih.gov\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-separator\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup abstract-with-bc\u0022\u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block\u0022 xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article abstract-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EAbstract\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003ET cells can mediate remarkable tumor regressions including complete cure in patients with metastatic cancer. Genetic alterations in an individual\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#153;s cancer cells (the mutanome) encode unique peptides (m-peptides) that can be targets for T cells. The recent advances in next-generation sequencing and computation prediction allows, for the first time, the rapid and affordable identification of m-peptides in individual patients. Despite excitement about the extended spectrum of potential targets in personalized immunotherapy, there is no experience or consensus on the path to their successful clinical application. Major questions remain, such as whether clinical responses to cytokine therapy, T cell transfer, and checkpoint blockade are primarily mediated by m-peptide-specific reactivity, whether m-peptides can be effectively used as vaccines, and which m-peptides are most potently recognized. These and other technological, immunological and translational questions will be explored during a 1-day Workshop on Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy by the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, directly before the Annual Meeting, on November 7, 2013 at the National Harbor, MD near Washington, DC.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EMutanome\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EMutation\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ENeoantigen\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EPeptide epitope\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ET lymphocyte\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ECheckpoint blockade\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EExome\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EVaccine\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003ENext-generation sequencing\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003EOmics\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section glossary\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn\u0022 id=\u0022glossary-1\u0022\u003EAbbreviations:\u003Cdl id=\u0022def-list-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cdl id=\u0022def-list-2\u0022\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-1\u0022\u003ETIL\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003ETumor-infiltrating lymphocytes\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dd-sep\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-2\u0022\u003EPBMC\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003EPeripheral blood mononuclear cells\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dd-sep\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-3\u0022\u003ETCR\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003ET cell receptor\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dd-sep\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-4\u0022\u003EMHC\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003EMajor histocompatibility complex\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dd-sep\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-5\u0022\u003EHLA\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003EHuman leukocyte antigen.\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003C\/dl\u003E\u003C\/dl\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022license\u0022 id=\u0022license-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EThis article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\u0022 rel=\u0022license\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\u003C\/a\u003E), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-separator\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-dfp-pane oas-ads oas-ads-mid pull-right\u0022\u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022dfp-ad-mpu-wrapper\u0022 class=\u0022dfp-tag-wrapper\u0022\u003E\n\n\u003Cdiv id=\u0022dfp-ad-mpu\u0022 class=\u0022dfp-tag-wrapper\u0022\u003E\n  \u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022\u003E\n    googletag.cmd.push(function() {\n      googletag.display(\u0022dfp-ad-mpu\u0022);\n    });\n  \u003C\/script\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-separator\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-custom pane-1\u0022\u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2051-1426-1-11\u0022 target=\u0022_new\u0022\u003Ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2051-1426-1-11\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-separator\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-altmetrics\u0022\u003E\n  \n        \u003Ch2 class=\u0022pane-title\u0022\u003EStatistics from Altmetric.com\u003C\/h2\u003E\n    \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv data-badge-details=\u0022right\u0022 data-badge-type=\u0022medium-donut\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1186\/2051-1426-1-11\u0022 data-hide-no-mentions=\u0022true\u0022 class=\u0022altmetric-embed\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-separator\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-custom pane-2 permissions-box\u0022\u003E\n  \n        \u003Ch2 class=\u0022pane-title\u0022\u003ERequest Permissions\u003C\/h2\u003E\n    \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EIf you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center\u0026rsquo;s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.\u003C\/p\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-separator\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-panels-ajax-pane-content permissions-box pane-highwire-permission-link\u0022 id=\u0022request-permissions\u0022\u003E\n  \n        \u003Ch2 class=\u0022pane-title\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022panels-ajax-pane-title\u0022 data-pid=\u0022new-70fd4c70-563e-4b94-ae3b-2a97f3980c13\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n    \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-pane panels-ajax-pane-new-70fd4c70-563e-4b94-ae3b-2a97f3980c13\u0022 data-pid=\u0022new-70fd4c70-563e-4b94-ae3b-2a97f3980c13\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-separator\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 class=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/keyword\/mutanome\u0022 class=\u0022hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-mutanome\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003EMutanome\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/keyword\/mutation\u0022 class=\u0022hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-mutation\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003EMutation\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/keyword\/neoantigen\u0022 class=\u0022hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-neoantigen\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003ENeoantigen\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/keyword\/peptide-epitope\u0022 class=\u0022hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-peptide-epitope\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003EPeptide epitope\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/keyword\/t-lymphocyte\u0022 class=\u0022hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-t-lymphocyte\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003ET lymphocyte\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/keyword\/checkpoint-blockade\u0022 class=\u0022hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-checkpoint-blockade\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003ECheckpoint blockade\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/keyword\/exome\u0022 class=\u0022hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-exome\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003EExome\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/keyword\/vaccine\u0022 class=\u0022hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-vaccine\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003EVaccine\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/keyword\/next-generation-sequencing\u0022 class=\u0022hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-next-generation-sequencing\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003ENext-generation sequencing\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/keyword\/omics\u0022 class=\u0022hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-omics\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003EOmics\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EIntroduction\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022sec-2\u0022 class=\u0022subsection\u0022\u003E\u003Ch3\u003EThe cancer mutanome: is it important?\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EPeptides encoded by mutated genes in cancer cells have long been recognized as potential T cell targets, yet they were not pursued for personalized cancer therapy due to time and cost constraints on their identification. The recent arrival of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics approaches allows, for the first time, the rapid and affordable elucidation of an individual cancer patient\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#153;s genome, exome, epigenome and transcriptome at the single nucleotide level [\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-1\u0022\u003E1\u003C\/a\u003E]. This in turn enables the identification of patient-specific omic alterations that can function as unique therapeutic targets such as neoantigens [\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-2-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-2\u0022\u003E2\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#147;\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-8-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-8\u0022\u003E8\u003C\/a\u003E] (Figure\u0026Acirc;\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fig-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fig\u0022 href=\u0022#F1\u0022\u003E1\u003C\/a\u003E). The collective of an individual patient\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#153;s tumor-specific alterations and mutations, the so-called mutanome, thus encodes patient-specific antigens that are different from \u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#156;shared\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#157; antigens, which are expressed in tumors from multiple patients and are typically normal, non-mutated self-proteins. In particular, mutanome-encoded peptides (hereafter called m-peptides) may evoke a more vigorous T cell response due to a lack of thymic tolerance against them, and this immunity may be restricted to tumors, since the mutated gene product is only expressed in tumors [\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-9-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-9\u0022\u003E9\u003C\/a\u003E].\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022F1\u0022 class=\u0022fig pos-float  odd\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-figure\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img-wrapper\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-inline-img\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.highwirestage.com\/content\/jitc\/1\/1\/11\/F1.large.jpg?width=800\u0026amp;height=600\u0026amp;carousel=1\u0022 title=\u0022Highly personalized medicine. Inexpensive and highly available DNA sequencing can revolutionize cancer immunotherapy by enabling highly personalized approaches involving the identification of new tumor-associated antigens. The expressed genes from a patient\u0026rsquo;s tumor can be sequenced to identify candidate mutant T cell epitopes. Relevant epitopes that could potentially bind to any given patient\u0026rsquo;s HLA molecules could be predicted using peptide prediction algorithms (e.g. http:\/\/www.syfpeithi.de\/bin\/MHCServer.dll\/EpitopePrediction.htm. Or http:\/\/www-bimas.cit.nih.gov\/molbio\/hla_bind). If peptides derived from mutant proteins are found to capable of forming new HLA-restricted target structures, the candidate peptides can be used in one of at least several ways: 1) \u0026ldquo;fish out\u0026rdquo; or sort cells for relevant antigens (such as those specific for driver oncogenes) using tetramer like reagents; 2) use the candidate peptides to stimulate T cell clonotypes already present in a patient\u0026rsquo;s tumor or in their peripheral blood; 3) use antigens to elicit new T cell receptors in mice that are transgenic for human MHC molecules; and 4) to immunize patients against antigens. If the T cells generated are specific for a patient\u0026rsquo;s tumor, they can be expanded and adoptively transferred if they are of human origin, or used as a source of TCR for gene engineering approaches.\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-fragment fragment-images colorbox-load\u0022 rel=\u0022gallery-fragment-images-65827965\u0022 data-figure-caption=\u0027\u0026lt;div class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u0026gt;\u0026lt;div xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u0026gt;Highly personalized medicine. Inexpensive and highly available DNA sequencing can revolutionize cancer immunotherapy by enabling highly personalized approaches involving the identification of new tumor-associated antigens. The expressed genes from a patient\u0026rsquo;s tumor can be sequenced to identify candidate mutant T cell epitopes. Relevant epitopes that could potentially bind to any given patient\u0026rsquo;s HLA molecules could be predicted using peptide prediction algorithms (\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;\/em\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;g\u0026lt;\/em\u0026gt;. http:\/\/www.syfpeithi.de\/bin\/MHCServer.dll\/EpitopePrediction.htm. Or http:\/\/www-bimas.cit.nih.gov\/molbio\/hla_bind). If peptides derived from mutant proteins are found to capable of forming new HLA-restricted target structures, the candidate peptides can be used in one of at least several ways: 1) \u0026ldquo;fish out\u0026rdquo; or sort cells for relevant antigens (such as those specific for driver oncogenes) using tetramer like reagents; 2) use the candidate peptides to stimulate T cell clonotypes already present in a patient\u0026rsquo;s tumor or in their peripheral blood; 3) use antigens to elicit new T cell receptors in mice that are transgenic for human MHC molecules; and 4) to immunize patients against antigens. If the T cells generated are specific for a patient\u0026rsquo;s tumor, they can be expanded and adoptively transferred if they are of human origin, or used as a source of TCR for gene engineering approaches.\u0026lt;\/div\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\/div\u0026gt;\u0027 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022hw-responsive-img\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg class=\u0022highwire-fragment fragment-image lazyload\u0022 alt=\u0022Figure 1\u0022 src=\u0022data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\u0022 data-src=\u0022http:\/\/www.highwirestage.com\/content\/jitc\/1\/1\/11\/F1.medium.gif\u0022 width=\u0022261\u0022 height=\u0022440\u0022\u003E\u003Cnoscript\u003E\u003Cimg class=\u0022highwire-fragment fragment-image\u0022 alt=\u0022Figure 1\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/www.highwirestage.com\/content\/jitc\/1\/1\/11\/F1.medium.gif\u0022 width=\u0022261\u0022 height=\u0022440\u0022\u003E\u003C\/noscript\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022highwire-figure-links inline\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022download-fig first\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.highwirestage.com\/content\/jitc\/1\/1\/11\/F1.large.jpg?download=true\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download\u0022 title=\u0022Download Figure 1\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload figure\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022new-tab\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.highwirestage.com\/content\/jitc\/1\/1\/11\/F1.large.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EOpen in new tab\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022download-ppt last\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/highwire\/powerpoint\/5752\u0022 class=\u0022highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EDownload powerpoint\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022fig-caption\u0022 xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fig-label\u0022\u003EFigure 1\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022 class=\u0022first-child\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHighly personalized medicine.\u003C\/strong\u003E Inexpensive and highly available DNA sequencing can revolutionize cancer immunotherapy by enabling highly personalized approaches involving the identification of new tumor-associated antigens. The expressed genes from a patient\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#153;s tumor can be sequenced to identify candidate mutant T cell epitopes. Relevant epitopes that could potentially bind to any given patient\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#153;s HLA molecules could be predicted using peptide prediction algorithms (\u003Cem\u003Ee\u003C\/em\u003E.\u003Cem\u003Eg\u003C\/em\u003E. \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.syfpeithi.de\/bin\/MHCServer.dll\/EpitopePrediction.htm\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.syfpeithi.de\/bin\/MHCServer.dll\/EpitopePrediction.htm\u003C\/a\u003E. Or \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www-bimas.cit.nih.gov\/molbio\/hla_bind\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/www-bimas.cit.nih.gov\/molbio\/hla_bind\u003C\/a\u003E). If peptides derived from mutant proteins are found to capable of forming new HLA-restricted target structures, the candidate peptides can be used in one of at least several ways: 1) \u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#156;fish out\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#157; or sort cells for relevant antigens (such as those specific for driver oncogenes) using tetramer like reagents; 2) use the candidate peptides to stimulate T cell clonotypes already present in a patient\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#153;s tumor or in their peripheral blood; 3) use antigens to elicit new T cell receptors in mice that are transgenic for human MHC molecules; and 4) to immunize patients against antigens. If the T cells generated are specific for a patient\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#153;s tumor, they can be expanded and adoptively transferred if they are of human origin, or used as a source of TCR for gene engineering approaches.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022sb-div caption-clear\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EThese assumptions have not been rigorously tested, and our understanding of, for example, m-peptide-specific peripheral tolerance and T cell cross-reactivity with wild-type peptides is limited at best. Yet several very exciting recent reports on the power of immunity against m-peptides to shrink tumors in mice and patients suggest the importance of understanding the biology of m-peptides and their application in immunotherapy. For example, a tantalizing possibility is that the remarkable clinical response rates to adoptively transferred T cells, and to CTLA-4 and\/or PD(L)-1 checkpoint blockade, are mediated in part, or even primarily, by m-peptide-specific T cells [\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-10-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-10\u0022\u003E10\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-11-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-11\u0022\u003E11\u003C\/a\u003E]. M-peptide-specific T cells present before treatment may be a required substrate for successful therapy with cytokines and checkpoint blockade. Thus, an exciting possibility is that peptide-based vaccination [\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-12-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-12\u0022\u003E12\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-13-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-13\u0022\u003E13\u003C\/a\u003E] with m-peptides could induce tumor-specific T cells that are lacking in patients who have failed to respond to checkpoint blockade, and convert these patients into responders. M-peptides may also prove to be major natural targets for tumor-specific TIL [\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-6-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-6\u0022\u003E6\u003C\/a\u003E], and could be used for \u003Cem\u003Eex vivo\u003C\/em\u003E expansion of patient-derived T cells (TIL or PBMC) before adoptive T cell therapy. In addition, m-peptides could be efficiently targeted with TCR-transduced T cells. Finally, m-peptides may be useful in immune monitoring, to evaluate whether m-peptide-specific immunity correlates with response or disease recurrence after immunotherapy. Thus, understanding mutanome-encoded m-peptides as a target for anti-tumor T cells is a new frontier for cancer immunotherapy.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-3\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EReview\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022sec-4\u0022 class=\u0022subsection\u0022\u003E\u003Ch3\u003ERecent studies on mutanome-specific anti-tumor immunity\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003EThe systematic study of the mutanome has only just begun. Importantly, it appears that different cancer types and histologies harbor different numbers of mutations. Those with high numbers of mutation include cutaneous melanoma, smoking-induced lung cancer, and colon cancer, in particular hypermutators [\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-9-2\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-9\u0022\u003E9\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-14-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-14\u0022\u003E14\u003C\/a\u003E]. This is likely related to the high exposure of the respective cells of origin to mutagenic and inflammatory stimuli: UV light, cigarette smoke and food-contained mutagenic and inflammatory compounds. It is interesting that melanoma and lung cancer both respond particularly well to PD-1 immunotherapy, possibly implying that m-peptides are particularly involved in the therapeutic T cell response to this therapy [\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-15-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-15\u0022\u003E15\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-16-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-16\u0022\u003E16\u003C\/a\u003E].\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003EIn mice, methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas likewise harbor a large number of mutations, and a subset of these tumors are particularly immunogenic: they will grow in immunodeficient but not in immunocompetent mice. Matsushita \u003Cem\u003Eet al\u003C\/em\u003E. analyzed the mutanome of one such immunogenic tumor by exome sequencing and MHC binding algorithms and identified a point mutation in the spectrin-\u0026Icirc;\u0026sup2;2 gene that resulted in an m-peptide with greatly increased MHC Class I binding. This peptide proved to be a dominant tumor antigen that caused the complete, spontaneous, CD8\u003Csup\u003E+\u003C\/sup\u003E T cell-mediated regression of this tumor in immunocompetent mice [\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-14-2\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-14\u0022\u003E14\u003C\/a\u003E]. Using a similar approach, Castle \u003Cem\u003Eet al\u003C\/em\u003E. analyzed the mutanome of the widely used B16 melanoma cell line and tested 50 MHC-binding m-peptides, 16 of which were immunogenic and 11 of which preferentially recognized the mutant peptide over the wild-type counterpart. Importantly, they showed that vaccination with 2 of those suppressed the growth suppression of established B16 melanomas [\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-17-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-17\u0022\u003E17\u003C\/a\u003E]. Robbins \u003Cem\u003Eet al\u003C\/em\u003E. similarly studied melanomas from 3 patients who responded to therapy with \u003Cem\u003Eex\u003C\/em\u003E-\u003Cem\u003Evivo\u003C\/em\u003E expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and identified a total of 7 unique m-peptides that appeared to be processed and presented by autologous tumor cells and were recognized by the autologous TIL [\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-11-2\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-11\u0022\u003E11\u003C\/a\u003E].\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-8\u0022\u003EThese three studies used exome sequencing and computer algorithm-guided peptide epitope prediction to identify MHC Class I-binding m-peptides that were processed and presented by tumor cells and recognized by tumor-specific T cells, thus validating the approach. However, other approaches exist, such as the direct elution of peptides from the surface of tumor cells, or even from circulating tumor-derived HLA complexes, and their subsequent identification by microcapillary chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry [\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-18-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-18\u0022\u003E18\u003C\/a\u003E]. In combination with tumor exome data, or after \u003Cem\u003Ein silico\u003C\/em\u003E subtraction of peptides isolated from normal cells, tumor-expressed m-peptides can be identified, including peptides that undergo post-translational processing, and that would not be identified using genetic approaches alone.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022sec-5\u0022 class=\u0022subsection\u0022\u003E\u003Ch3\u003EMutanome-based personalized immunotherapy: open questions\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWith the technology to efficiently mine the mutanome in a high-throughput fashion only just becoming available, many questions remain regarding its application in personalized immunotherapy. Some of these are:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022list-ord \u0022 id=\u0022list-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-10\u0022\u003EWhat are the possible and most important uses of m-peptides?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-2\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-11\u0022\u003EAre m-peptides superior to shared\/self-peptides as therapeutic targets for anti-tumor T cells?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-3\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-12\u0022\u003EWhat fraction of m-peptides is actually processed and presented in the context of MHC molecules on tumor cells?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-4\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-13\u0022\u003EWhat fraction of these peptides evokes a T cell response in the host (spontaneously or after vaccination)?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-5\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-14\u0022\u003EHow frequently do T cells against m-peptides cross-react with the corresponding wild-type peptides expressed on normal cells?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-6\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-15\u0022\u003EAre m-peptides the dominant peptides recognized in spontaneous tumor-specific immune responses?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-7\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-16\u0022\u003ECan m-peptide-based vaccines induce therapeutic immune responses, alone or as part of combination therapies?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-8\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-17\u0022\u003EAre m-peptides the dominant peptides recognized in therapy-induced immune responses (\u003Cem\u003Ee\u003C\/em\u003E.\u003Cem\u003Eg\u003C\/em\u003E. checkpoint blockade, TIL, IL-2, IFN-\u0026Icirc;\u0026plusmn;, radiation, immunogenic chemotherapies).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-9\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-18\u0022\u003EWhat \u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#156;pipeline\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#157; allows the shortest time from fresh tumor sample to validated m-peptide?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-10\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-19\u0022\u003EWhat are the (dis)advantages of sequencing exomes \u003Cem\u003Evs\u003C\/em\u003E. RNA?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-11\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-20\u0022\u003EWhat are the best approaches for filtering the numerous sequencing errors before declaring a somatic mutation?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-12\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-21\u0022\u003EWhat peptide prediction algorithms are best at predicting MHC-binding peptides from exome data?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-13\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-22\u0022\u003EWhat is the impact of the immunoproteasome, peptide splicing, and post-translational modification on the actual expression of predicted m-peptides on tumor cells?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli id=\u0022list-item-14\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-23\u0022\u003EWhat are safety and regulatory issues in designing personalized cancer vaccines against never-before targeted, patient-specific antigens?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section conclusions\u0022 id=\u0022sec-6\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EConclusions\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022sec-7\u0022 class=\u0022subsection\u0022\u003E\u003Ch3\u003EThe 2013 society for immunotherapy of cancer workshop on personalized immunotherapy\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-24\u0022\u003EThe mining of the mutanome has just begun, and many questions regarding methodology, application and future opportunities remain open and ready for debate. With many groups currently engaging this area, it is a prime time to come together and share data, viewpoints and best practices, forge collaborations, and chart a course for the immediate future. The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer invites you to attend their Workshop on Personalized Immunotherapy, directly before the Annual Meeting, on Nov 7, 2013 at the National Harbor, MD near Washington, DC. Specifics can be found at the Society website at \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.sitcancer.org\/2013\/workshop\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.sitcancer.org\/2013\/workshop\u003C\/a\u003E. Abstracts and posters are welcome through August 26, 2013, and platform presentations will be selected.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section app\u0022 id=\u0022app-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EAuthors\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#153; original submitted files for images\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-28\u0022\u003EBelow are the links to the authors\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#153; original submitted files for images.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022DC1\u0022 class=\u0022supplementary-material local-data\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022inline-linked-media-wrapper\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022DC1\u0022 class=\u0022inline-linked-media\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.highwirestage.com\/content\/jitc\/1\/1\/11\/DC1\/embed\/media-1.tif?download=true\u0022 class=\u0022\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022icon-download-alt\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E[40425_2013_10_MOESM1_ESM.tif]\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section glossary\u0022\u003E\u003Cdl id=\u0022def-list-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cdl id=\u0022def-list-2\u0022\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-1\u0022\u003ETIL\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003ETumor-infiltrating lymphocytes\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dd-sep\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-2\u0022\u003EPBMC\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003EPeripheral blood mononuclear cells\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dd-sep\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-3\u0022\u003ETCR\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003ET cell receptor\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dd-sep\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-4\u0022\u003EMHC\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003EMajor histocompatibility complex\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dd-sep\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003Cdt id=\u0022def-item-5\u0022\u003EHLA\u003Cspan class=\u0022def-item-dt-sep\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/dt\u003E\u003Cdd\u003EHuman leukocyte antigen.\u003C\/dd\u003E\u003C\/dl\u003E\u003C\/dl\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section ref-list\u0022 id=\u0022ref-list-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EReferences\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-list ref-use-labels\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E1.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-1-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 1. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-1\u0022\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#134;\u0026micro;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-1.1.11.1\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EKhalili\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EJS\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EHanson\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ERW\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ESzallasi\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EZ\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EIn silico prediction of tumor antigens derived from functional missense mutations of the cancer gene census\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EOncoimmunology\u003C\/abbr\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2012\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E1\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E1281\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#147;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E1289\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmcid-sep\u0022\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmcid\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id-scheme-pmcid\u0022\u003Epmcid:\u003C\/span\u003E3518500\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Ca 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class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EScience\u003C\/abbr\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1995\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E269\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E1281\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#147;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E1284\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1126\/science.7652577\u0022\u003Edoi:10.1126\/science.7652577\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022%7Bopenurl%7D?query=rft.jtitle%253DScience%26rft.volume%253D269%26rft.spage%253D1281%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1126%252Fscience.7652577%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F7652577%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 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href=\u0022%7Bopenurl%7D?query=rft.jtitle%253DProc%2BNatl%2BAcad%2BSci%2BUSA%26rft.volume%253D92%26rft.spage%253D7976%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1073%252Fpnas.92.17.7976%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F7644523%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1073\/pnas.92.17.7976\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=7644523\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fjitc%2F1%2F1%2F11.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E5.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal no-rev-xref\u0022 id=\u0022cit-1.1.11.5\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EEchchakir\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EH\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EA point mutation in the alpha-actinin-4 gene generates an antigenic peptide recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human lung carcinoma\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003ECancer Res\u003C\/abbr\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2001\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E61\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E4078\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#147;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E4083\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022%7Bopenurl%7D?query=rft.jtitle%253DCancer%2BRes%26rft.volume%253D61%26rft.spage%253D4078%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11358829%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=11358829\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fjitc%2F1%2F1%2F11.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E6.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-6-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 6. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-6\u0022\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#134;\u0026micro;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-1.1.11.6\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ELennerz\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EV\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EThe response of autologous T cells to a human melanoma is dominated by mutated neoantigens\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EProc Natl Acad Sci USA\u003C\/abbr\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2005\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E102\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E16013\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#147;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E16018\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmcid-sep\u0022\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmcid\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id-scheme-pmcid\u0022\u003Epmcid:\u003C\/span\u003E1266037\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0500090102\u0022\u003Edoi:10.1073\/pnas.0500090102\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022%7Bopenurl%7D?query=rft.jtitle%253DProc%2BNatl%2BAcad%2BSci%2BUSA%26rft.volume%253D102%26rft.spage%253D16013%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E7.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal no-rev-xref\u0022 id=\u0022cit-1.1.11.7\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-3095\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ESegal\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ENH\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EEpitope landscape in breast and colorectal cancer\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003ECancer Res\u003C\/abbr\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2008\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E68\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E889\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#147;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E892\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-3095\u0022\u003Edoi:10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-3095\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022%7Bopenurl%7D?query=rft.jtitle%253DCancer%2BRes%26rft.volume%253D68%26rft.spage%253D889%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1158%252F0008-5472.CAN-07-3095%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F18245491%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-3095\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=18245491\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fjitc%2F1%2F1%2F11.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=000252952900034\u0026amp;link_type=ISI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWeb of Science\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E8.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-8-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 8. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-8\u0022\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#134;\u0026micro;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-1.1.11.8\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EPieper\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ER\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EBiochemical Identification of a Mutated Human Melanoma Antigen Recognized by CD4(+) T Cells\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EJ Exp Med\u003C\/abbr\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1999\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E189\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E757\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#147;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E766\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmcid-sep\u0022\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmcid\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id-scheme-pmcid\u0022\u003Epmcid:\u003C\/span\u003E2192954\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.189.5.757\u0022\u003Edoi:10.1084\/jem.189.5.757\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022%7Bopenurl%7D?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ%2BExp%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D189%26rft.spage%253D757%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E9.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-9-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 9. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-9\u0022\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#134;\u0026micro;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-1.1.11.9\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EHeemskerk\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EB\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EKvistborg\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EP\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ESchumacher\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ETN\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EThe cancer antigenome\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EEMBO J\u003C\/abbr\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2013\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E32\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E194\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#147;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E203\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmcid-sep\u0022\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmcid\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id-scheme-pmcid\u0022\u003Epmcid:\u003C\/span\u003E3553384\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/emboj.2012.333\u0022\u003Edoi:10.1038\/emboj.2012.333\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022%7Bopenurl%7D?query=rft.jtitle%253DEMBO%2BJ%26rft.volume%253D32%26rft.spage%253D194%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252Fhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.n%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=http:\/\/www.n\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fjitc%2F1%2F1%2F11.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E10.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-10-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 10. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-10\u0022\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#134;\u0026micro;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-book\u0022 id=\u0022cit-1.1.11.10\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EWolchok\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EJD\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003ENivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003EN Engl J Med\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2013\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E11.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-11-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 11. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-11\u0022\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#134;\u0026micro;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-1.1.11.11\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1038\/nm.3161\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ERobbins\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EPF\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EMining exomic sequencing data to identify mutated antigens recognized by adoptively transferred tumor-reactive T cells\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003ENat Med\u003C\/abbr\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2013\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E19\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E747\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#147;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E752\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmcid-sep\u0022\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmcid\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id-scheme-pmcid\u0022\u003Epmcid:\u003C\/span\u003E3757932\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.3161\u0022\u003Edoi:10.1038\/nm.3161\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022%7Bopenurl%7D?query=rft.jtitle%253DNat%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D19%26rft.spage%253D747%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1038%252Fnm.3161%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23644516%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1038\/nm.3161\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=23644516\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fjitc%2F1%2F1%2F11.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E12.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-12-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 12. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-12\u0022\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#134;\u0026micro;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-1.1.11.12\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EWalter\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ES\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EMultipeptide immune response to cancer vaccine IMA901 after single-dose cyclophosphamide associates with longer patient survival\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003ENat Med\u003C\/abbr\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2012\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E18\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E1254\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#147;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E1261\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.2883\u0022\u003Edoi:10.1038\/nm.2883\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022%7Bopenurl%7D?query=rft.jtitle%253DNat%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D18%26rft.spage%253D1254%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22842478%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=22842478\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fjitc%2F1%2F1%2F11.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E13.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-13-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 13. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-13\u0022\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#134;\u0026micro;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-1.1.11.13\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EHailemichael\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EY\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EPersistent antigen at vaccination sites induces tumor-specific CD8(+) T cell sequestration, dysfunction and deletion\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003ENat Med\u003C\/abbr\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2013\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E19\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E465\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#147;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E472\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmcid-sep\u0022\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmcid\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id-scheme-pmcid\u0022\u003Epmcid:\u003C\/span\u003E3618499\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.3105\u0022\u003Edoi:10.1038\/nm.3105\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022%7Bopenurl%7D?query=rft.jtitle%253DNat%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D19%26rft.spage%253D465%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23455713%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=23455713\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fjitc%2F1%2F1%2F11.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E14.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-14-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 14. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-14\u0022\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#134;\u0026micro;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-1.1.11.14\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1038\/nature10755\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EMatsushita\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EH\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003ECancer exome analysis reveals a T-cell-dependent mechanism of cancer immunoediting\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003ENature\u003C\/abbr\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2012\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E482\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E400\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#147;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E404\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/nature10755\u0022\u003Edoi:10.1038\/nature10755\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022%7Bopenurl%7D?query=rft.jtitle%253DNature%26rft.volume%253D482%26rft.spage%253D400%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1038%252Fnature10755%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22318521%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1038\/nature10755\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=22318521\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fjitc%2F1%2F1%2F11.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E15.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-15-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 15. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-15\u0022\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#134;\u0026micro;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-1.1.11.15\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1056\/NEJMoa1200690\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ETopalian\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ESL\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003ESafety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EN Engl J Med\u003C\/abbr\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2012\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E366\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E2443\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#147;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E2454\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmcid-sep\u0022\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmcid\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id-scheme-pmcid\u0022\u003Epmcid:\u003C\/span\u003E3544539\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1200690\u0022\u003Edoi:10.1056\/NEJMoa1200690\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022%7Bopenurl%7D?query=rft.jtitle%253DN%2BEngl%2BJ%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D366%26rft.spage%253D2443%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa1200690%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22658127%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1056\/NEJMoa1200690\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=22658127\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fjitc%2F1%2F1%2F11.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E16.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-16-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 16. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-16\u0022\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#134;\u0026micro;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-book\u0022 id=\u0022cit-1.1.11.16\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EHamid\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EO\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003ESafety and Tumor Responses with Lambrolizumab (Anti-PD-1) in Melanoma\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003EN Engl J Med\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2013\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E17.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-17-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 17. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-17\u0022\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#134;\u0026micro;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-1.1.11.17\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-3722\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ECastle\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EJC\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EExploiting the mutanome for tumor vaccination\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003ECancer Res\u003C\/abbr\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2012\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E72\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E1081\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#147;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E1091\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-3722\u0022\u003Edoi:10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-3722\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022%7Bopenurl%7D?query=rft.jtitle%253DCancer%2BRes%26rft.volume%253D72%26rft.spage%253D1081%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1158%252F0008-5472.CAN-11-3722%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22237626%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-3722\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=22237626\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fjitc%2F1%2F1%2F11.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E18.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-18-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 18. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-18\u0022\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#134;\u0026micro;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-1.1.11.18\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1073\/pnas.1008501107\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EBassani-Sternberg\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EM\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-etal\u0022\u003Eet al\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003ESoluble plasma HLA peptidome as a potential source for cancer biomarkers\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EProc Natl Acad Sci USA\u003C\/abbr\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2010\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E107\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E18769\u003C\/span\u003E\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#147;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E18776\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmcid-sep\u0022\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmcid\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-id-scheme-pmcid\u0022\u003Epmcid:\u003C\/span\u003E2973870\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1008501107\u0022\u003Edoi:10.1073\/pnas.1008501107\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022%7Bopenurl%7D?query=rft.jtitle%253DProc%2BNatl%2BAcad%2BSci%2BUSA%26rft.volume%253D107%26rft.spage%253D18769%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1073%252Fpnas.1008501107%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F20974924%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1073\/pnas.1008501107\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=20974924\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fjitc%2F1%2F1%2F11.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-separator\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup footnotes\u0022\u003E\n  \n      \n  \n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 class=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 class=\u0022section fn-group\u0022 id=\u0022fn-group-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EFootnotes\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn-other\u0022 id=\u0022fn-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-25\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fn-label\u0022\u003ECompeting interests\u003C\/span\u003E The authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn-other\u0022 id=\u0022fn-2\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-26\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fn-label\u0022\u003EAuthors\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#153; contributions\u003C\/span\u003E WWO, EW, FMM, HGR and NPR conceived the Workshop idea and topics and participated in writing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn-other\u0022 id=\u0022fn-3\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-27\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fn-label\u0022\u003EElectronic supplementary material\u003C\/span\u003E The online version of this article (doi:10.1186\/2051-1426-1-11) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n  \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022 src=\u0022http:\/\/www.highwirestage.com\/sites\/default\/files\/js\/js_7WEsYJxQ_nk_WggwidtExPpXbFLaGfs2bQ7Hy4zjy2U.js\u0022\u003E\u003C\/script\u003E\u003C\/body\u003E\u003C\/html\u003E\n"}