Table 1:

Characteristics of the 73 participants

Age (mean) (range) (yr)	38.6 (SD, 12.6) (20–70)
Sex	32 Male; 41 female
Handedness^{^a}	57 Right-handed; 6 left-handed; 10 mixed (of whom 6 write with right and 4 write with left); mean laterality quotient: 68.8 (SD, 59.4)
Education (mean) (range) (yr)	13.7 (SD, 2.5) (range, 8–19)
Race	58 White; 10 black; 1 Asian; 4 did not state
Native speaker	71 Native; 2 fluent but non-native
Etiology	Epilepsy 55
	Tumor 16
	Arteriovenous malformation 1
	Cavernous malformation 1
Duration of etiology (mean) (range)	3170 (SD, 3722) days (range, 6 days to 39 yr)
Language deficit	42 (58%) Yes; 31 (42%) no

↵a Handedness was assessed with the 4-item modification of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory by Veale.²⁹