Table 2:

Results of the ANCOVA analyses for the between-group comparisons regarding DGM structuresa

MS (n =91)HC (n =55)Cohen’s DFP Value
Normalized volume (mL)
 Thalamus19.2 (SD, 2.8)21.7 (SD, 1.9)1.1445.75<.001
 Caudate8.7 (SD, 1.5)9.7 (SD, 1.3)0.8827.10<.001
 Putamen12.6 (SD, 1.9)13.8 (SD, 1.6)0.8223.83<.001
 Globus pallidus4.5 (SD, 0.6)4.9 (SD, 0.4)0.7620.55<.001
Iron concentration (mg/kg[DW])
 Thalamus5 (SD, 59)38 (SD, 51)0.6213.64<.001
 Caudate310 (SD, 103)271 (SD, 76)0.405.55.02b
 Putamen276 (SD, 112)243 (SD, 94)0.518.94.03b
 Globus pallidus786 (SD, 135)697 (SD, 128)0.6816.51<.001
Myelin concentration (MVF[DW])
 Thalamus0.24 (SD, 0.06)0.22 (SD, 0.08)0.191.25.27
 Caudate0.19 (SD, 0.06)0.20 (SD, 0.08)0.060.10.76
 Putamen0.23 (SD, 0.06)0.22 (SD, 0.08)0.090.29.59
 Globus pallidus0.21 (SD, 0.06)0.20 (SD, 0.08)0.110.49.48
Iron content (µg)
 Thalamus0.2 (SD, 1.1)0.8 (SD, 1.1)0.6313.93<.001
 Caudate2.7 (SD, 1.0)2.6 (SD, 0.8)0.030.04.84
 Putamen3.4 (SD, 1.4)3.3 (SD, 1.2)0.252.13.15
 Globus pallidus3.5 (SD, 6.8)3.4 (SD, 6.9)0.140.75.39
Myelin content (mL)
 Thalamus4.6 (SD, 1.4)4.8 (SD, 1.7)0.211.51.22
 Caudate1.7 (SD, 0.8)1.9 (SD, 0.7)0.292.94.09
 Putamen2.9 (SD, 1.0)3.1 (SD, 1.0)0.191.32.25
 Globus pallidus0.9 (SD, 0.3)1.0 (SD, 0.4)0.090.34.56
  • Note:—degrees of freedom (df) , 141.

  • a Descriptive statistics (mean [SD]) for DGM-related MRI features are reported, along with the effect sizes (Cohen’s D), test statistics (F), and exact probability (P value) values regarding between-group (MS versus HC) comparisons.

  • b Not significant after false discovery rate correction.