Diagnostic accuracy for the detection of cortical venous reflux on 4D-CTA for the correctly identified AVFs by the 3 observers, with DSA serving as the reference standarda
| Cortical Venous Reflux | Observer 1, Method 1 (n = 16)b | Observer 2, Method 1 (n = 18)b | Observer 3, Method 1 (n = 15)b | Observer 1, Method 2 (n = 17)c | Observer 2, Method 2 (n = 18)c | Observer 3, Method 2 (n = 15)c | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| True-positive, true-negative | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 5 |
| False-positive, false-negative | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| Sensitivity (%) (95% CI) | 86 (42–100) | 88 (47–100) | 43 (10–82) | 86 (42–100) | 88 (47–100) | 57 (18–90) | ||||||
| Specificity (%) (95% CI) | 67 (30–93) | 80 (44–97) | 63 (25–92) | 60 (26–88) | 80 (44–97) | 63 (24–91) | ||||||
| PPV (%) (95% CI) | 67 (43–84) | 78 (50–93) | 50 (23–78) | 60 (40–77) | 78 (50–93) | 57 (31–80) | ||||||
| NPV (%) (95% CI) | 86 (48–98) | 89 (55–98) | 56 (35–74) | 86 (48–98) | 89 (55–98) | 63 (32–84) | ||||||
| Krippendorff α | 0.294 (Fair agreement) | 0.372 (Fair agreement) | ||||||||||