Table 1:

Clinical and molecular characteristics of 8 patients with GJA1 variantsa

Patient 1#Patient 2#Patient 3Patient 4*Patient 5*Patient 6*Patient 7Patient 8
Sex/age at examination (yr)Male/64Female/34Female/25Female/49Female/22Female/19Female/49Male/56
Family historyDominantDominantNoneDominantDominantDominantNoneDominant
ODDD dysmorphiaYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Age (yr)/symptom at onset50/Gait28/Gait18/Urinary14/Urinary14/Urinary16/Urinary15/Gait50/Gait
Current disability stage13331161
LL reduced strengthNoneProx.Prox.Prox.NoneNoneProx./dist.None
LL spasticityYesYesYesYesNoNoYesYes
UL/LL reflexes↑/↑↑/↑↑/↑↑/↑↑/↑↑/↑↑/↑↑/↑
Plantar reflexesIndifferentExtensorExtensorExtensorExtensorExtensorExtensorExtensor
UL/LL vibration senseN/↓N/↓N/↓↓/↓N/NN/NN/↓N/↓
Romberg signNoYesYesNoNoNoYesNo
Oculomotor signsHypermetric saccadesSaccadic pursuitNoneSaccadic pursuitHypermetric saccadesNoneNoneSaccadic pursuit
Dysmetria/dysarthriaYes/NoYes/NoNo/NoYes/NoYes/NoNo/NoNo/NoNo/No
Urinary symptomsNo+++++++++++++No
CognitionDysexec.NormalNormalNormalNormalNormalNormalNormal
GJA1 variantc.93T>Gc.93T>Gc.443G>Ac.428G>Ac.428G>Ac.428G>Ac.412G>Ac.634T>A
Amino acid changep.I31Mp.I31Mp.R148Qp.G143Dp.G143Dp.G143Dp.G138Sp.F212I
  • Note:—* and # indicate patients belonging to the same family; UL, upper limbs; LL, lower limbs; Prox., proximal; dist., distal; ↑, increased; ↓, decreased; Dysexec., dysexecutive syndrome; N, normal; +, mild; ++, moderate; +++, severe.

  • a Disability stage index: 1, no functional handicap but signs at examination; 3, moderate, unable to run, limited walking without aid; 6, unable to walk, requiring wheelchair.