Comparison of study variables for seizure freedom (n = 188)
| Variable | Seizure-Free (n = 124) | Persistent (n = 64) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at surgery (mean) (yr) | 18.68 ± 11.43 | 14.66 ± 10.50 | .020 |
| Age of onset (mean) (yr) | 8.45 ± 8.18 | 6.91 ± 6.09 | .198 |
| Duration of epilepsy (mean) (%) | 10.72 ± 7.31 | 7.90 ± 6.56 | .012 |
| Women (%) | 56 (45.2%) | 36 (56.3%) | .168 |
| Febrile convulsions (%) | 15 (12.1%) | 8 (12.7%) | 1.000 |
| Multiple types of seizures (%) | 21 (16.9%) | 31 (48.4%) | <.001 |
| Delayed development (%) | 23 (18.5%) | 24 (37.5%) | .007 |
| Daily seizures (%) | 63 (50.8%) | 43 (67.2%) | .043 |
| Presence of aura (%) | 35 (28.2%) | 8 (12.5%) | .017 |
| Regional spikes on interictal EEG (%) | 66 (54.1%) | 27 (42.2%) | .168 |
| Regional ictal EEG onset pattern (%) | 62 (50.0%) | 26 (46.2%) | .280 |
| Clear-cut FCD on MRI (%) | 94 (75.8%) | 42 (65.6%) | .169 |
| Focal FDG-PET pattern (%) | 97 (78.2%) | 47 (73.4%) | .472 |
| Focal ictal SPECT pattern (%) | 51 (71.8%) | 26 (66.7%) | .664 |
| Eloquent cortex location (%) | 16 (12.9%) | 20 (31.3%) | .003 |
| FCD type I (%) | 57 (47.5%) | 45 (73.8%) | .001 |
| FCD type II (%) | 63 (52.5%) | 16 (26.2%) | .001 |
| FCD type I and II (%) | 4 (3.2%) | 3 (4.6%) | .691 |
| Acute postoperative seizures (%) | 32 (25.8%) | 32 (50.0%) | .001 |
| Complete resection (%) | 105 (96.3%) | 28 (54.9%) | <.001 |