Table 1:

Demographic and clinical characteristics of HC and patients with RRMS^{^a}

Parameter	Healthy Controls (n = 19)	RRMS-NI (n = 19)	RRMS-I (n = 20)
Age (yr)	49.0 ± 7.1	46.4 ± 7.2	48.1 ± 4.7
Women (No.) (%)	14 (73.68)	15 (78.95)	12 (60)
Education (yr)	16.9 ± 2.9^{^b}	16.1 ± 1.3	14.6 ± 1.9^{^b}
Disease duration (yr)	NA	11.8 ± 5.4	11.6 ± 4.9
HADS-A (log; median [IQR])	3 (1, 6)^{^b,^c}	6 (5, 7)^{^c}	8 (7, 10)
HADS-D (log; median [IQR])	2.3 ± 2.3^{^b}	3.5 ± 3.2^{^d}	7.6 ± 2.9^{^b,^d}
EDSS (median [IQR])	NA	1.5 (1, 2)^{^d}	2.5 (2, 3)^{^d}
Cognitive tests (z score)
BVMT-R_IR	0.37 ± 1.15^{^b}	-0.07 ± 1.04^{^d}	−1.68 ± 1.34^{^b,^d}
BVMT-R_DR	0.40 ± 1.14^{^b}	0.42 ± 0.77^{^d}	−1.62 ± 1.48^{^b,^d}
COWAT_FAS	−0.67 ± 0.83	−0.26 ± 1.06^{^d}	−1.16 ± 0.89^{^d}
CVLT-II_IR	−0.25 ± 1.05^{^b}	−0.23 ± 1.04^{^d}	−1.94 ± 1.36^{^b,^d}
CVLT-II_DR	−0.11 ± 0.66^{^b}	0.21 ± 0.92^{^d}	−2.20 ± 1.61^{^b,^d}
PASAT-2	−0.21 ± 0.88^{^b}	−0.26 ± 0.66^{^d}	−1.80 ± 0.57^{^b,^d}
JLO	0.98 ± 0.19^{^b}	0.83 ± 0.59	0.40 ± 0.67^{^b}
SDMT	−0.14 ± 0.92^{^b}	0.02 ± 0.75^{^d}	−1.80 ± 1.17^{^b,^d}
DK-EFS	0.51 ± 0.73^{^b}	0.26 ± 0.61	−0.20 ± 1.25^{^b}

Note:—BVMT-R_IR indicates Brief Visuospatial Test-Revised_Immediate Recall: BVMT-R_DR, Brief Visuospatial Test-Revised_Delayed Recall; HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety; HADS-D, Hospital Depression; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; COWART_FAS, Controlled Oral Work Association Test_Word Recall; CLVT-II_IR, California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition_Immediate Recall: CVLT-II_DR, California Verbal Learning Test-Second edition_Delayed Recall; PASAT-2, Paced Auditory Serial Addition-Part 2; JLO, Judgment of Line Orientation Test; SDMT, Symbol Digit Modalities Test; DK-EFS, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System.
↵a Clinical demographics of participating patients. Significance P < .05. All values are mean ± SD unless specified.
↵b HC vs RRMS-I.
↵c HC vs RRMS-NI.
↵d RRMS-NI vs RRMS-I.