Characteristics of identified vascular injections
n | % | |
---|---|---|
Distance from needle tip to vessel | ||
<1 cm only | 11 | 30% |
>1 cm only | 2 | 5% |
Both <1 cm and >1 cm | 23 | 62% |
Immediate washout (vessel not seen) | 1 | 3% |
Combined epidural injection | ||
Vascular only | 25 | 68% |
Epidural + vascular | 12 | 32% |
Washout pattern | ||
None | 0 | 0% |
Delayed | 32 | 86% |
Immediate | 5 | 14% |
Vessel type | ||
Definite venous (n = 5) | 4 | 11% |
Probable venous (n = 4) | 27 | 73% |
Indeterminate (n = 3) | 4 | 11% |
Probable arterial (n = 2) | 2 | 5% |
Definite arterial (n = 1) | 0 | 0% |