Patient characteristics and the superior oblique muscle area and volume measured in controls and patients with congenital superior oblique palsy without (absent group) and with (present group) an ipsilateral trochlear nerve
| Control (n = 34) | Absent Group (n = 87) | Present Group (n = 38) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at time of imaging (yr) | 16.1 ± 20.7 (1–69) | 15.2 ± 17.9 (1–64) | 11.5 ± 13.0 (1–58) | .896a |
| Age of onset (yr) | 10.8 ± 16.9 (0–63) | 7.7 ± 13.4 (0–58) | .317b | |
| Interval between onset and imaging (yr) | 3.8 ± 6.4 (0–44) | 3.8 ± 4.8 (0–23) | .967b | |
| Male sex | 16 (47.0%) | 55 (63.2%) | 21 (55.3%) | .283c |
| Paretic side | ||||
| Right | 48 (55.2%) | 17 (44.7%) | .085c | |
| Left | 39 (44.8%) | 21 (55.3%) | ||
| SO area “0” (P) | 4.58 ± 1.05 (2.68–6.89) | 2.12 ± 0.96 (0.34–4.59) | 5.01 ± 1.02 (3.39–7.78) | <.001a |
| SO area “0” (N) | 4.43 ± 1.23 (2.41–8.53) | 5.34 ± 1.31 (2.17–10.45) | 4.87 ± 1.11 (3.11–8.17) | .001a |
| SO area “0” ratio (P/N)d | 1.06 ± 0.18 (0.78–1.42) | 0.40 ± 0.15 (0.05–0.75) | 1.04 ± 0.10 (0.86–1.21) | <.001a |
| SO volume (P)e | 41.57 ± 8.15 (27.03–61.17) | 21.53 ± 8.69 (3.92–40.12) | 46.99 ± 9.50 (28.52–75.99) | <.001a |
| SO volume (N)f | 40.94 ± 9.87 (24.16–73.10) | 49.31 ± 11.15 (27.93–94.04) | 46.76 ± 9.60 (30.95–76.00) | .001a |
| SO volume ratio (P/N)d | 1.03 ± 0.15 (0.84–1.54) | 0.44 ± 0.15 (0.07–0.74) | 1.03 ± 0.10 (0.79–1.20) | <.001a |
Note:—P indicates paretic side; N, normal side; “0”, measured at the optic nerve-globe junction (standard plane).
↵a P value by ANOVA.
↵b P value by independent t test.
↵c P value by Pearson χ2.
↵d Left-to-right ratio for controls and paretic side to normal side ratio for patients with congenital SOP in the absent and present group.
↵e Left side for controls.
↵f Right side for controls.