MRI markers at baseline and follow-up of all patients with MS and estimated yearly changes of control subjects
| MRI Marker | Patients | Healthy Controls | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (Mean) | Follow-Up (Mean)a | Annual Change (Mean) | P Value | Estimated Annual Change | ||
| ADC histogram markers | Bb | 95% CI | ||||
| Mean (10−6 m2/s) | 0.961 ± 0.031 | 0.965 ± 0.031 | 0.004 ± 0.013 | .035c | 0.0009d | 0.0001; 0.0016 |
| Variance (10−6 m2/s) | 0.088 ± 0.008 | 0.089 ± 0.007 | 0.001 ± 0.004 | .099c | 0.0002d | 0; 0.0005 |
| Skew | 1.023 ± 0.159 | 0.990 ± 0.151 | −0.033 ± 0.078 | .008c | −0.0038d | −0.0075; −0.0002 |
| Peak height (10−3) | 2.644 ± 0.266 | 2.599 ± 0.253 | −0.045 ± 0.144 | .043c | −0.0028 | −0.0101; 0.0046 |
| Peak position (10−6 m2/s) | 0.763 ± 0.021 | 0.765 ± 0.020 | 0.003 ± 0.013 | .172c | 0.0004 | 0.0001; 0.0010 |
| BPF | 0.815 ± 0.043 | 0.811 ± 0.039 | −0.004 ± 0.016 | .087c | −0.0023d | −0.0033; 0.0013 |
| PBVC (%) | −0.464 ± 1.233 | .017e | N/A | |||
| WMLLperc (%) | 3.800 ± 2.117 | 3.921 ± 2.346 | 0.121 ± 0.557 | .157c | N/A | |
| Patients with enhancing lesions (%) | 18.0 | 20.4 | N/A | 1.000f | N/A | |
Note:—N/A indicates not applicable.
↵a Annualized values are given except for assessment of gadolinium enhancement.
↵b Unstandardized coefficient of linear regression.
↵c Two-sided paired t test.
↵d Significant linear correlation with age in the control group (P ≤ .05).
↵e PBVC as estimated by the SIENA method. One-sample t test for comparison against zero.
↵f Fisher exact test.