Summary of case reports of de novo fistulas after transvenous embolization of a carotid cavernous fistula
| Study | CCF Feeder | CCF Drainage | Treatment | Months Remote Fistula Developed | New Fistula Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nakagawa et al, 1992 (4) | Branches of left ECA and ICA | Bilateral SOV, IPS | Transarterial occlusion of ECA branches and transvenous occlusion of SOV and IPS | 6 | Ascending pharyngeal to transverse sinus |
| Kubota et al, 1999 (7) | Branches of left ECA and bilateral ICA | Left SOV | Transvenous embolization of SOV | 4 | Occipital and ascending pharyngeal to jugular bulb |
| Yamashita et al, 1993 (5) | Right ECA branches and right ICA | Right IPS and right SOV | Transarterial occlusion of ECA branches and transvenous occlusion of IPS | 12 | Occipital and ascending pharyngeal to transverse sinus |
| Kawaguchi et al, 1999 (6) | Left ECA and left ICA | Left IPS | Transvenous occlusion left of IPS | 30 | Occipital, postauricular, internal maxillary artery to transverse sinus |
| Makiuchi et al, 1998 (9) | Left ECA and left ICA | IPS and SOV | Transvenous occlusion of left IPS | – | ECA branches to transverse sinus |
| Kiyosue et al, 2002 (8) | Left ECA and left ICA | Left SOV | Transvenous occlusion of left SOV | 5 | Ascending pharyngeal and occipital to jugular bulb |
Note.—CCF indicates carotid cavernous fistula; ECA, external carotid artery; ICA, internal carotid artery; SOV, superior ophthalmic vein; IPS, inferior petrosal sinus.