Considerations for excisional biopsy of benign-appearing notochordal lesions

Considerations
Tumor size: >3 cm
Tumor margins: local invasion
Rate of growth: any appreciable growth on MR imaging
Radiology: bony erosion, enhancement
Patient age: <30 years
Surgical candidacy: lack of comorbidities
Symptoms: headache attributable to central skull base; cranial neuropathy
Patient preference