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Research ArticleBrain

Optimized 3D Magnetization-Prepared Rapid Acquisition of Gradient Echo: Identification of Thalamus Substructures at 3T

B. Bender, C. Mänz, A. Korn, T. Nägele and U. Klose
American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2011, 32 (11) 2110-2115; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2705
B. Bender
aFrom the MR Research Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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C. Mänz
aFrom the MR Research Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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A. Korn
aFrom the MR Research Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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T. Nägele
aFrom the MR Research Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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U. Klose
aFrom the MR Research Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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  • Fig 1.
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    Fig 1.

    Comparison of the normal MPRAGE protocol (left and middle image, different windowing) with the optimized MPRAGE protocol (right).

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    Fig 2.

    Comparison of the normal MPRAGE protocol (top row) with the optimized protocol (bottom row) in different section orientations. Contrast in both images was chosen for an optimal depiction of thalamus substructures. Adjacent anatomic structures have been labeled. cc indicates corpus callosum; fx, fornix; R, red nucleus; LV, lateral ventricles; C, caudate nucleus; Pu, putamen; IC, internal capsule; GP, globus pallidus.

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    Fig 3.

    Axial myelin stain (middle) from the Schaltenbrand and Wahren atlas,17 taken it from plate 54, located 6.5 mm above Reil's plane, and a corresponding inverted gray-scale image from one of the subjects located 8 mm above Reil's plane (right). For anatomic reference, a schematic drawing adapted from the overlay of the Schaltenbrand and Wahren atlas is shown on the left. The boundaries of the thalamus have been delineated in all images with a thin black line. The white arrow marks the anteroventral nucleus, which can be clearly delineated as a hyperintense structure. The CM (marked by an asterisk) is clearly distinguishable from the surrounding structures. The anatomic structures belonging to the 4 thalamic nuclei groups used in this work have been colored (blue, anterior; red, medial; green, lateral; yellow, posterior).

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    Fig 4.

    Parasagittal myelin stain (middle) from the Schaltenbrand and Wahren atlas,17 taken from plate 44, located 5.5 mm lateral to the midline and a corresponding inverted gray-scale image from one of the subjects, located 6.2 mm lateral to the midline (right). The boundaries of the thalamus have been delineated in all images with a thin black line. The white star marks the CM, which can be clearly localized. The bright structure (black star) close to the MTT is a vessel. For anatomic reference, a schematic drawing adapted from the overlay of the Schaltenbrand and Wahren atlas is shown on the left. The anatomic structures belonging to the 4 thalamic nuclei groups used in this work have been colored (blue, anterior; red, medial; green, lateral).

  • Fig 5.
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    Fig 5.

    An axial section of the optimized MPRAGE. Note that not only the 4 large nucleus groups (middle image) but also the further substructures can be identified. Medial to the MD, a hyperintense structure is also visible (dashed line depicts border), which is most likely the superficial medial nucleus9 not described in the Morel atlas.15 In the lateral nucleus group, only thin bands of white matter can be used to distinguish the different parts. The MTT is clearly visible as a hyperintense spot between the anteroventral nucleus (AV), central medial nucleus (CeM), and ventral anterior nucleus (VA). CL indicates central lateral nucleus; VLa, ventral lateral anterior nucleus; VLp, ventral lateral posterior nucleus; VPL, ventral posterior lateral nucleus; LP, lateral posterior nucleus; PuM, medial pulvinar.

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    Fig 6.

    Optimized MPRAGE (bottom row) and nucleus groups in axial sections parallel to the ACPC line (from left to right: apical to caudal sections; position given in millimeters relative to the ACPC line) selected by the first and second readers (top row, light and dark gray lines).

Tables

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  • Summary of the volume size of the thalamus and substructures of the thalamus in all subjectsa

    Subject No., Age (yr), SexSize (mm2)
    AnteriorMedialLateralPosteriorThalamus
    B.B.C.M.B.B.C.M.B.B.C.M.B.B.C.M.B.B.C.M.
    1) 27, F21820316081639219321522273226162926255
    2) 26, M22720515621476212321342277229161896106
    3) 21, F22120215671520196919702186218759435879
    4) 23, F20018612111184169917401811193449215044
    5) 34, F29328615551499221622872008209960726171
    6) 28, M19720913281380172817572057217453105520
    Mean ± Std226 ± 35215 ± 321471 ± 1621450 ± 1411988 ± 2302007 ± 2042102 ± 1802158 ± 1185788 ± 5485829 ± 426
    Atlas2491380172718135169
    • ↵a For both readers (B.B., C.M.) and in the 3D mean thalamus atlas from Krauth et al.10

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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 32 (11)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 32, Issue 11
1 Dec 2011
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Optimized 3D Magnetization-Prepared Rapid Acquisition of Gradient Echo: Identification of Thalamus Substructures at 3T
B. Bender, C. Mänz, A. Korn, T. Nägele, U. Klose
American Journal of Neuroradiology Dec 2011, 32 (11) 2110-2115; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A2705
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Cite this article
B. Bender, C. Mänz, A. Korn, T. Nägele, U. Klose
Optimized 3D Magnetization-Prepared Rapid Acquisition of Gradient Echo: Identification of Thalamus Substructures at 3T
American Journal of Neuroradiology Dec 2011, 32 (11) 2110-2115; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A2705

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